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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Obesity Surgery

Preoperative Factors Associated with Weight Loss and Recurrent Weight Gain after Bariatric Surgery: A Longitudinal Study in a UK Public Healthcare Setting

  • Luqman Naim Bin Aizan1
  • Akheel A. Syed2,3
  • Bilal Alkhaffaf1,3
  1. 1Department of Oesophago-Gastric and Bariatric Surgery, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
  2. 2Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Medicine, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
  3. 3Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Objective: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. This study aims to identify demographic factors of weight loss and recurrent weight gain over a 10-year follow-up period.

Methods: This retrospective observational study includes 2092 patients for overall trends, 1032 patients for predictors of weight loss, and 605 patients for predictors of recurrent weight gain. Percentage total weight loss (%TWL) trends were measured over 10 years. The rate of weight loss and recurrent weight gain was used as a response variable in multivariate analysis.

Results: After bariatric surgery, mean ± SD %TWL was greatest at 31.3 ± 10.7 % by 2 years, followed by gradual recurrent weight gain to a %TWL of 25.1 ± 12.6 % at 10 years. Up to 5 years, %TWL was greater with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=1080; 27.9 ± 11.5 %) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (n=217; 28.3 ± 10.1) had greater %TWL than sleeve gastrectomy (n=795; 22.8 ± 12.5 %) (ANOVA, p < 0.005). Age, sex, preoperative body mass index, diabetes, operation type, and smoking were statistically significant predictors of weight loss up to 2 years (p < 0.05). Age, hypertension, Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, and early %TWL up to 2 years were statistically significant predictors of recurrent weight gain after 2 years (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Operation type, age, sex, preoperative body mass index, diabetes, operation type and smoking had significant associations with weight loss while age, hypertension, Index of Multiple Deprivation and initial postoperative weight loss had significant associations with recurrent weight gain.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{aizan2026preoperative,
  title = {{Preoperative Factors Associated with Weight Loss and Recurrent Weight Gain after Bariatric Surgery: A Longitudinal Study in a UK Public Healthcare Setting}},
  author = {Luqman Naim Bin Aizan and Akheel A. Syed and Bilal Alkhaffaf},
  journal = {Obesity Surgery},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1007/s11695-026-08900-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-026-08900-1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preoperative Factors Associated with Weight Loss and Recurrent Weight Gain after Bariatric Surgery: A Longitudinal Study in a UK Public Healthcare Setting
AU  - Luqman Naim Bin Aizan
AU  - Akheel A. Syed
AU  - Bilal Alkhaffaf
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/28
JO  - Obesity Surgery
DO  - 10.1007/s11695-026-08900-1
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-026-08900-1
AB  - Objective: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. This study aims to identify demographic factors of weight loss and recurrent weight gain over a 10-year follow-up period.  Methods: This retrospective observational study includes 2092 patients for overall trends, 1032 patients for predictors of weight loss, and 605 patients for predictors of recurrent weight gain. Percentage total weight loss (%TWL) trends were measured over 10 years. The rate of weight loss and recurrent weight gain was used as a response variable in multivariate analysis.  Results: After bariatric surgery, mean ± SD %TWL was greatest at 31.3 ± 10.7 % by 2 years, followed by gradual recurrent weight gain to a %TWL of 25.1 ± 12.6 % at 10 years. Up to 5 years, %TWL was greater with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=1080; 27.9 ± 11.5 %) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (n=217; 28.3 ± 10.1) had greater %TWL than sleeve gastrectomy (n=795; 22.8 ± 12.5 %) (ANOVA, p < 0.005). Age, sex, preoperative body mass index, diabetes, operation type, and smoking were statistically significant predictors of weight loss up to 2 years (p < 0.05). Age, hypertension, Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, and early %TWL up to 2 years were statistically significant predictors of recurrent weight gain after 2 years (p < 0.05).  Conclusions: Operation type, age, sex, preoperative body mass index, diabetes, operation type and smoking had significant associations with weight loss while age, hypertension, Index of Multiple Deprivation and initial postoperative weight loss had significant associations with recurrent weight gain.
SN  - 0960-8923
SN  - 1708-0428
ER  -