B(E2) Serves as a Robust Signature of N = 32,34 Shell Evolution
Abstract
Electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2) serve as key probe of nuclear shell evolution, yet anomalous B(E2) values in exotic nuclei complicate the identification of new magic numbers. In this letter, employing the configuration-interaction relativistic Hartree-Fock model, we demonstrate that effective charges are sensitive to orbital radii, and this orbital dependence is significantly amplified by the halo structure of valence nucleons. This mechanism is critical for reliably describing E2 transitions and understanding the unusual behavior of B(E2) in exotic nuclei. Our calculations predict reduced B(E2; 2+1 → 0+1) values in 52,54Ca, signaling the emergence of subshell closures at N=32 and 34. Furthermore, the suppressed B(E2; 7/2−1 → 11/2−1) transition in 53Sc underscores the robustness of the N=32 new magic number, whereas the enhanced transition strength in 55Sc indicates the rapid erosion of the N=34 shell gap with the occupancy of the proton orbital π1f7/2.
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BibTeX
@misc{liu2026serves,
title = {{B(E2) Serves as a Robust Signature of N = 32,34 Shell Evolution}},
author = {Jia Liu and Yi Fei Niu and Xiao Hua Lia and Wen Luo and Wen Hui Long},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.04154},
eprint = {2609.04154},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.04154},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - B(E2) Serves as a Robust Signature of N = 32,34 Shell Evolution
AU - Jia Liu
AU - Yi Fei Niu
AU - Xiao Hua Lia
AU - Wen Luo
AU - Wen Hui Long
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.04154
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.04154
AB - Electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2) serve as key probe of nuclear shell evolution, yet anomalous B(E2) values in exotic nuclei complicate the identification of new magic numbers. In this letter, employing the configuration-interaction relativistic Hartree-Fock model, we demonstrate that effective charges are sensitive to orbital radii, and this orbital dependence is significantly amplified by the halo structure of valence nucleons. This mechanism is critical for reliably describing E2 transitions and understanding the unusual behavior of B(E2) in exotic nuclei. Our calculations predict reduced B(E2; 2^+_1 → 0^+_1) values in ^52,54Ca, signaling the emergence of subshell closures at N=32 and 34. Furthermore, the suppressed B(E2; 7/2^−_1 → 11/2^−_1) transition in ^53Sc underscores the robustness of the N=32 new magic number, whereas the enhanced transition strength in ^55Sc indicates the rapid erosion of the N=34 shell gap with the occupancy of the proton orbital π1f_7/2.
ER -