Extension of the non-pole technique to the twist-3 gluon distribution contribution in pp collisions
Abstract
It is known that the Sivers effect is described as a twist-3 effect within the collinear factorization framework and has the characteristic feature that it arises from the pole contribution in a hard parton scattering. The calculation formalism that focuses only on the pole part was established in the 2000s and SSAs were calculated for many processes in ep and pp collisions. On the other hand, there also exists a contribution from twist-3 fragmentation functions regarded as the Collins effect. The Collins effect arises from the nonpole part of the hard scattering and its calculation is formulated in a somewhat different manner from that for the Sivers effect. In recent years, some attempts have been made to revisit the Sivers effect by applying the ``nonpole'' formalism developed for the Collins effect. For ep collisions, this approach has successfully reproduced the known results. For pp collisions, however, the presence of both initial-state-interaction and final-state-interaction makes the calculation more complicated and the known results have not yet been reproduced. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem and develop the nonpole method so that it can be applied to the Sivers effect in any process.
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BibTeX
@misc{chen2026extension,
title = {{Extension of the non-pole technique to the twist-3 gluon distribution contribution in $pp$ collisions}},
author = {Longjie Chen and Shinsuke Yoshida},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.02130},
eprint = {2609.02130},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02130},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Extension of the non-pole technique to the twist-3 gluon distribution contribution in pp collisions
AU - Longjie Chen
AU - Shinsuke Yoshida
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.02130
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02130
AB - It is known that the Sivers effect is described as a twist-3 effect within the collinear factorization framework and has the characteristic feature that it arises from the pole contribution in a hard parton scattering. The calculation formalism that focuses only on the pole part was established in the 2000s and SSAs were calculated for many processes in ep and pp collisions. On the other hand, there also exists a contribution from twist-3 fragmentation functions regarded as the Collins effect. The Collins effect arises from the nonpole part of the hard scattering and its calculation is formulated in a somewhat different manner from that for the Sivers effect. In recent years, some attempts have been made to revisit the Sivers effect by applying the ``nonpole'' formalism developed for the Collins effect. For ep collisions, this approach has successfully reproduced the known results. For pp collisions, however, the presence of both initial-state-interaction and final-state-interaction makes the calculation more complicated and the known results have not yet been reproduced. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem and develop the nonpole method so that it can be applied to the Sivers effect in any process.
ER -