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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0ACS Omega

Mineral-Enriched Biochars from Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge, Sawdust, and Basaltic Rocks: Soil Amendment Potential and Carbon Stability

  • Maíra Lopes D̀Ávila1
  • José Ferreira Lustosa Filho1
  • Éder de Souza Martins2
  • Giuliano Marchi2
  • Cícero Célio de Figueiredo1
  1. 1Universidade de Brasília , , , , ,
  2. 2Embrapa Cerrados , , , , ,
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Abstract

Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and sawdust (SD) with basaltic minerals may produce nutrient-enriched biochars for soil amendment and long-term carbon (C) persistence. However, the effects of mineral incorporation on C transformations and the interpretation of conventional stability indices remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we compared SS and SD copyrolyzed with zeolitic basalt (ZB) and metabasalt (MB). The resulting materials, produced at 500 °C, were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nutrient and carbon-stability assessments. Mineral addition increased biochar yields to 70–73%, whereas SD-derived biochar exhibited the highest fixed C and thermostable fractions. Materials obtained by co-pyrolyzing SD with ZB or MB, and SS with ZB, showed high thermal resistance. Mineral-enriched biochars had higher ash contents and contained silicate-rich phases, modifying their mineralogical composition and nutrient profiles. Co-pyrolysis of SS with basaltic materials increased Ca, Mg, P, and micronutrient contents. Contrasting responses among elemental, thermochemical, and persistence-based indices showed that no single approach adequately evaluates C stability in mineral-enriched biochars. These findings support the potential use of mineral-enriched biochars as soil amendments and show that C stability requires integrated evaluation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{davila2026mineralenriched,
  title = {{Mineral-Enriched Biochars from Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge, Sawdust, and Basaltic Rocks: Soil Amendment Potential and Carbon Stability}},
  author = {Maíra Lopes D̀Ávila and José Ferreira Lustosa Filho and Éder de Souza Martins and Giuliano Marchi and Cícero Célio de Figueiredo},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c07681},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c07681/5453428/Mineral-Enriched-Biochars-from-Co-Pyrolysis-of},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mineral-Enriched Biochars from Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge, Sawdust, and Basaltic Rocks: Soil Amendment Potential and Carbon Stability
AU  - Maíra Lopes D̀Ávila
AU  - José Ferreira Lustosa Filho
AU  - Éder de Souza Martins
AU  - Giuliano Marchi
AU  - Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c07681
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c07681/5453428/Mineral-Enriched-Biochars-from-Co-Pyrolysis-of
AB  - Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and sawdust (SD) with basaltic minerals may produce nutrient-enriched biochars for soil amendment and long-term carbon (C) persistence. However, the effects of mineral incorporation on C transformations and the interpretation of conventional stability indices remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we compared SS and SD copyrolyzed with zeolitic basalt (ZB) and metabasalt (MB). The resulting materials, produced at 500 °C, were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nutrient and carbon-stability assessments. Mineral addition increased biochar yields to 70–73%, whereas SD-derived biochar exhibited the highest fixed C and thermostable fractions. Materials obtained by co-pyrolyzing SD with ZB or MB, and SS with ZB, showed high thermal resistance. Mineral-enriched biochars had higher ash contents and contained silicate-rich phases, modifying their mineralogical composition and nutrient profiles. Co-pyrolysis of SS with basaltic materials increased Ca, Mg, P, and micronutrient contents. Contrasting responses among elemental, thermochemical, and persistence-based indices showed that no single approach adequately evaluates C stability in mineral-enriched biochars. These findings support the potential use of mineral-enriched biochars as soil amendments and show that C stability requires integrated evaluation.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -