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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDScience bulletin

Taming inflammation in coronary artery disease: lessons learned, translational breakthroughs, and future directions

  • Miao Yu1,2,3,4
  • Ming-Yang Sun1,2,3,4
  • Fen Yang1,2,3,4
  • Yuan-Fan Yuan1,2,3,4
  • Ying-Mei Zhang5
  • Cheng-Chao Ruan6
  • Yong Ji7
  • Peter Libby8
  • Xiang Cheng1,2,3,4
8 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
  2. 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
  3. 3Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
  4. 4Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
  5. 5Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  6. 6Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
  7. 7State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
  8. 8Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract

Inflammation is an essential physiological process that preserves host homeostasis, yet chronic inflammation is now recognized as a common pathological basis of many diseases. In coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, anti-inflammatory therapy has emerged as a major focus of investigation in this field. Although multiple inflammatory pathways have been evaluated as therapeutic targets in clinical trials, strategies with demonstrated clinical benefit remain limited. In this review, we examine the sources of inflammation in CAD, approaches to inflammatory risk stratification, and advances in anti-inflammatory therapy. To explain divergent trial outcomes and guide future clinical translation, we propose a 4R framework: the right target, the right patient, the right timing, and the right benefit-risk balance. Anti-inflammatory treatment remains promising. Within this framework, refined inflammatory phenotyping and evaluation of stage-dependent efficacy represent immediate priorities for future trials.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yu2026taming,
  title = {{Taming inflammation in coronary artery disease: lessons learned, translational breakthroughs, and future directions}},
  author = {Miao Yu and Ming-Yang Sun and Fen Yang and Yuan-Fan Yuan and Ying-Mei Zhang and Cheng-Chao Ruan and Yong Ji and Peter Libby and Xiang Cheng},
  journal = {Science bulletin},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taming inflammation in coronary artery disease: lessons learned, translational breakthroughs, and future directions
AU  - Miao Yu
AU  - Ming-Yang Sun
AU  - Fen Yang
AU  - Yuan-Fan Yuan
AU  - Ying-Mei Zhang
AU  - Cheng-Chao Ruan
AU  - Yong Ji
AU  - Peter Libby
AU  - Xiang Cheng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Science bulletin
DO  - 10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081
AB  - Inflammation is an essential physiological process that preserves host homeostasis, yet chronic inflammation is now recognized as a common pathological basis of many diseases. In coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, anti-inflammatory therapy has emerged as a major focus of investigation in this field. Although multiple inflammatory pathways have been evaluated as therapeutic targets in clinical trials, strategies with demonstrated clinical benefit remain limited. In this review, we examine the sources of inflammation in CAD, approaches to inflammatory risk stratification, and advances in anti-inflammatory therapy. To explain divergent trial outcomes and guide future clinical translation, we propose a 4R framework: the right target, the right patient, the right timing, and the right benefit-risk balance. Anti-inflammatory treatment remains promising. Within this framework, refined inflammatory phenotyping and evaluation of stage-dependent efficacy represent immediate priorities for future trials.
SN  - 2095-9273
SN  - 2095-9281
ER  -