A 4D T′-expanded lattice QCD equation of state with a multi-dimensional 3D-Ising-type critical contribution
Abstract
Inferring the possible existence and location of a critical point on the QCD phase diagram through experimental observations requires equations of state that include both lattice QCD constraints and critical behavior. In this manuscript, we present the first four-dimensional equation of state in the (T,μB,μQ,μS) space combining the lattice 4D T′-Expansion Scheme with a critical contribution mapped from the 3D Ising model. We extend the earlier two-dimensional construction, the so-called Ising 2D-TExS in the (T, μB) plane, promoting the critical point to a parametrizable critical surface in the full four-dimensional thermodynamic space. Our framework provides a family of equations of state to systematically study the effects of criticality in realistic hydrodynamic simulations with BQS conserved charges, going beyond the case of strangeness neutrality, by varying the geometry of the critical surface and the strength of criticality at finite μB, μQ and μS separately.
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BibTeX
@misc{clemente2026texpanded,
title = {{A 4D $T^\prime$-expanded lattice QCD equation of state with a multi-dimensional 3D-Ising-type critical contribution}},
author = {Francesco Di Clemente and Prachi Garella and Johannes Jahan and Micheal Kahangirwe and Jamie M. Karthein and Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler and Claudia Ratti and Mikhail Stephanov},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.18830},
eprint = {2610.18830},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18830},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A 4D T^′-expanded lattice QCD equation of state with a multi-dimensional 3D-Ising-type critical contribution
AU - Francesco Di Clemente
AU - Prachi Garella
AU - Johannes Jahan
AU - Micheal Kahangirwe
AU - Jamie M. Karthein
AU - Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler
AU - Claudia Ratti
AU - Mikhail Stephanov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.18830
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18830
AB - Inferring the possible existence and location of a critical point on the QCD phase diagram through experimental observations requires equations of state that include both lattice QCD constraints and critical behavior. In this manuscript, we present the first four-dimensional equation of state in the (T,μ_B,μ_Q,μ_S) space combining the lattice 4D T^′-Expansion Scheme with a critical contribution mapped from the 3D Ising model. We extend the earlier two-dimensional construction, the so-called Ising 2D-TExS in the (T, μ_B) plane, promoting the critical point to a parametrizable critical surface in the full four-dimensional thermodynamic space. Our framework provides a family of equations of state to systematically study the effects of criticality in realistic hydrodynamic simulations with BQS conserved charges, going beyond the case of strangeness neutrality, by varying the geometry of the critical surface and the strength of criticality at finite μ_B, μ_Q and μ_S separately.
ER -