Contact mechanics and friction of soft materials: an apparatus combining multi-axes dynamical actuation/measurement and in situ/in operando visualisation
Abstract
The mechanics and friction of contact interfaces involving soft materials like gel, rubber or human skin are of both fundamental and applied interest. Recent insights have been made into this field thanks to in situ observations of the contact interface. However, current soft-material-oriented tribometers enable only few degrees of freedom for the actuation of the contact, far from covering the richness of the loading conditions relevant to real tribological contacts. Here, we introduce an apparatus dedicated to the study of the contact mechanics and friction of soft materials which, in addition to in situ / in operando optical monitoring of the interface, enables simultaneous actuation along five degrees of freedom: three translations and two rotations. While all three translations feature large velocity/large stroke motion, the one responsible for normal contact loading can also apply high frequency/small amplitude vibrations. The contact's dynamical response is monitored using both a 6-axes force/torque sensor and a 6-axes displacement/rotation sensor. We first describe the structure of the apparatus, its implementation, alignment, calibration and resolutions. We then illustrate its capabilities through a series of experiments on elastomer contacts. Our apparatus will be useful to investigate the mechanics of a wide range of soft interfaces submitted to rich, tribology-relevant kinematic or dynamic stimuli.
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BibTeX
@misc{guibert2026contact,
title = {{Contact mechanics and friction of soft materials: an apparatus combining multi-axes dynamical actuation/measurement and in situ/in operando visualisation}},
author = {Matthieu Guibert and Antoine Aymard and Cristobal Oliver and Thibaut Durand and Baptiste Boulet and Djibril Gabriel Kashala and Antoine Mille and Mathieu Leocmach and Loïc Vanel and Davy Dalmas and Julien Scheibert},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.15395},
eprint = {2609.15395},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15395},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Contact mechanics and friction of soft materials: an apparatus combining multi-axes dynamical actuation/measurement and in situ/in operando visualisation
AU - Matthieu Guibert
AU - Antoine Aymard
AU - Cristobal Oliver
AU - Thibaut Durand
AU - Baptiste Boulet
AU - Djibril Gabriel Kashala
AU - Antoine Mille
AU - Mathieu Leocmach
AU - Lo{ï}c Vanel
AU - Davy Dalmas
AU - Julien Scheibert
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.15395
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15395
AB - The mechanics and friction of contact interfaces involving soft materials like gel, rubber or human skin are of both fundamental and applied interest. Recent insights have been made into this field thanks to in situ observations of the contact interface. However, current soft-material-oriented tribometers enable only few degrees of freedom for the actuation of the contact, far from covering the richness of the loading conditions relevant to real tribological contacts. Here, we introduce an apparatus dedicated to the study of the contact mechanics and friction of soft materials which, in addition to in situ / in operando optical monitoring of the interface, enables simultaneous actuation along five degrees of freedom: three translations and two rotations. While all three translations feature large velocity/large stroke motion, the one responsible for normal contact loading can also apply high frequency/small amplitude vibrations. The contact's dynamical response is monitored using both a 6-axes force/torque sensor and a 6-axes displacement/rotation sensor. We first describe the structure of the apparatus, its implementation, alignment, calibration and resolutions. We then illustrate its capabilities through a series of experiments on elastomer contacts. Our apparatus will be useful to investigate the mechanics of a wide range of soft interfaces submitted to rich, tribology-relevant kinematic or dynamic stimuli.
ER -