The nodally bound-preserving finite element method for the transport equation
Abstract
Numerical approximations of transport problems, even when stabilised, often violate the bounds respected by the exact solution. Depending on the problem being solved, this can produce non-physical results, such as negative densities or higher-than-unity concentrations. Various bound-preserving numerical methods exist, yet they are usually either conditionally stable or only first-order accurate. In this context, the present work extends the nodally bound-preserving finite element method to the linear transport equation. As a baseline discretisation we use the least-squares finite element method, which is instrumental in achieving unconditional stability for second-order time stepping. It also leads to symmetric algebraic systems, thereby enabling simple, efficient solvers, which we further enhance through Anderson acceleration. Unconditional stability is proved for the backward Euler and Crank--Nicolson discretisations. We also derive error estimates for the fully discrete second-order scheme and provide various numerical examples, including two-phase incompressible flows.
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BibTeX
@misc{espinozacontreras2026nodally,
title = {{The nodally bound-preserving finite element method for the transport equation}},
author = {Nicolás Espinoza-Contreras and Gabriel Barrenechea and Douglas Pacheco},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.40841},
eprint = {2610.40841},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40841},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The nodally bound-preserving finite element method for the transport equation
AU - Nicolás Espinoza-Contreras
AU - Gabriel Barrenechea
AU - Douglas Pacheco
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.40841
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40841
AB - Numerical approximations of transport problems, even when stabilised, often violate the bounds respected by the exact solution. Depending on the problem being solved, this can produce non-physical results, such as negative densities or higher-than-unity concentrations. Various bound-preserving numerical methods exist, yet they are usually either conditionally stable or only first-order accurate. In this context, the present work extends the nodally bound-preserving finite element method to the linear transport equation. As a baseline discretisation we use the least-squares finite element method, which is instrumental in achieving unconditional stability for second-order time stepping. It also leads to symmetric algebraic systems, thereby enabling simple, efficient solvers, which we further enhance through Anderson acceleration. Unconditional stability is proved for the backward Euler and Crank--Nicolson discretisations. We also derive error estimates for the fully discrete second-order scheme and provide various numerical examples, including two-phase incompressible flows.
ER -