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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Phenotypic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Decaploid Camellia hainanica Germplasm from Hainan Island

  • Taizhen Chen1,2
  • Jian Yu3
  • Jueqi Chen4
  • Shanzhi Lin5
  • Wuyun Tana6
  • Peng Ling2,6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection, Research Center of Quality Safety and Standards for Agro-Products, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
  2. 2College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  3. 3College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  4. 4Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning 571533, China
  5. 5College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  6. 6Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Abstract

Camellia hainanica is an endemic woody oil species from Hainan Island, but the phenotypic and genomic bases of its agronomic and ornamental variation remain poorly understood. Here, 31 phenotypic traits were evaluated in 100 accessions from Changjiang, Hainan, and flower-diameter variation guided the selection of 30 accessions for whole-genome resequencing and genome-wide association analysis. Coefficients of variation ranged from 8.81% to 56.85%, with flower density and first-branch height showing the greatest variation. Cluster analysis separated five groups with contrasting phenotypic characteristics, including groups characterized by large fruits and thick pericarps and ornamental groups characterized by dense flowering and large flowers. Flow cytometry classified the 30 selected accessions as decaploid, and resequencing showed that most variants occurred in non-coding regions. Genome-wide association analysis identified 9 significant SNPs (−log10(P) > 8.63) associated with petal number, flower diameter, locule number, and flower density (3, 1, 3, and 2 SNPs, respectively), including a flower-diameter signal on GWHERBT00000039 and signals on GWHERBT00000008 and GWHERBT00000036. These results integrate phenotypic and genomic evidence for C. hainanica and provide germplasm resources and preliminary candidate regions for further validation and ornamental improvement alongside fruit-trait evaluation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chen2026phenotypic,
  title = {{Phenotypic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Decaploid Camellia hainanica Germplasm from Hainan Island}},
  author = {Taizhen Chen and Jian Yu and Jueqi Chen and Shanzhi Lin and Wuyun Tana and Peng Ling},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27219828},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9828},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phenotypic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Decaploid Camellia hainanica Germplasm from Hainan Island
AU  - Taizhen Chen
AU  - Jian Yu
AU  - Jueqi Chen
AU  - Shanzhi Lin
AU  - Wuyun Tana
AU  - Peng Ling
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27219828
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9828
AB  - Camellia hainanica is an endemic woody oil species from Hainan Island, but the phenotypic and genomic bases of its agronomic and ornamental variation remain poorly understood. Here, 31 phenotypic traits were evaluated in 100 accessions from Changjiang, Hainan, and flower-diameter variation guided the selection of 30 accessions for whole-genome resequencing and genome-wide association analysis. Coefficients of variation ranged from 8.81% to 56.85%, with flower density and first-branch height showing the greatest variation. Cluster analysis separated five groups with contrasting phenotypic characteristics, including groups characterized by large fruits and thick pericarps and ornamental groups characterized by dense flowering and large flowers. Flow cytometry classified the 30 selected accessions as decaploid, and resequencing showed that most variants occurred in non-coding regions. Genome-wide association analysis identified 9 significant SNPs (−log10(P) > 8.63) associated with petal number, flower diameter, locule number, and flower density (3, 1, 3, and 2 SNPs, respectively), including a flower-diameter signal on GWHERBT00000039 and signals on GWHERBT00000008 and GWHERBT00000036. These results integrate phenotypic and genomic evidence for C. hainanica and provide germplasm resources and preliminary candidate regions for further validation and ornamental improvement alongside fruit-trait evaluation.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -