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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Mathematics

Outage Analysis of LEO Satellite Association Schemes Using Stochastic Geometry

  • Jonghyun Bang1
  • Taehyoung Kim2
  1. 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
  2. 2School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

This paper investigates the outage performance of large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations using a stochastic-geometry framework. The ground-projected satellite distribution is modeled as a Poisson point process (PPP) that captures finite visibility and beam-hopping activity. Analytical outage expressions and approximations are developed under shadowed-Rician (SR) fading for two representative user–satellite association schemes: the optimal best-association rule and the practical nearest-association rule. For the latter, an Equivalent Integration Point (EIP) approximation is developed, replacing the outer serving-distance integral with a single evaluation at a representative distance, providing accurate yet tractable performance evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the accuracy of the EIP approximation and demonstrate that nearest association offers a practical trade-off between reliability and selection complexity by requiring only distance information rather than instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) evaluation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{bang2026outage,
  title = {{Outage Analysis of LEO Satellite Association Schemes Using Stochastic Geometry}},
  author = {Jonghyun Bang and Taehyoung Kim},
  journal = {Mathematics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/math14213899},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/21/3899},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outage Analysis of LEO Satellite Association Schemes Using Stochastic Geometry
AU  - Jonghyun Bang
AU  - Taehyoung Kim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Mathematics
DO  - 10.3390/math14213899
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/21/3899
AB  - This paper investigates the outage performance of large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations using a stochastic-geometry framework. The ground-projected satellite distribution is modeled as a Poisson point process (PPP) that captures finite visibility and beam-hopping activity. Analytical outage expressions and approximations are developed under shadowed-Rician (SR) fading for two representative user–satellite association schemes: the optimal best-association rule and the practical nearest-association rule. For the latter, an Equivalent Integration Point (EIP) approximation is developed, replacing the outer serving-distance integral with a single evaluation at a representative distance, providing accurate yet tractable performance evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the accuracy of the EIP approximation and demonstrate that nearest association offers a practical trade-off between reliability and selection complexity by requiring only distance information rather than instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) evaluation.
SN  - 2227-7390
ER  -