A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) is a residual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, whether sdLDL-C levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: or positive for urine protein. Cox proportional hazards model with a restricted cubic spline after adjustment for confounders showed a gradual increase in the hazard ratio (HR) for renal impairment with high levels of sdLDL-C. Compared with the L-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C group (reference) the adjusted HRs for renal impairment were significantly higher in the H-sdLDL-C/H-LDL-C and H-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C groups (1.13 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.25] and 1.15 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.29], respectively). The addition of a high sdLDL-C level (≥35.7 mg/dL) to traditional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory capacity for renal impairment. CONCLUSIONS: A high calculated sdLDL-C level was an independent predictor for the progression of renal impairment regardless of LDL-C level in a general Japanese population.
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BibTeX
@article{aida2026high,
title = {{A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment}},
author = {Hiroki Aida and Marenao Tanaka and Tatsuya Sato and Koki Abe and Keitaro Nishizawa and Wataru Kawaharata and Rie Matsumori and Itaru Hosaka and Yukinori Akiyama and Kei Nakata and Hidemichi Kouzu and Naoya Yama and Nagisa Hanawa and Masato Furuhashi},
journal = {Circulation Journal},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1253/circj.cj-26-0114},
url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/90/10/90_CJ-26-0114/_article},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment
AU - Hiroki Aida
AU - Marenao Tanaka
AU - Tatsuya Sato
AU - Koki Abe
AU - Keitaro Nishizawa
AU - Wataru Kawaharata
AU - Rie Matsumori
AU - Itaru Hosaka
AU - Yukinori Akiyama
AU - Kei Nakata
AU - Hidemichi Kouzu
AU - Naoya Yama
AU - Nagisa Hanawa
AU - Masato Furuhashi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Circulation Journal
DO - 10.1253/circj.cj-26-0114
UR - https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/90/10/90_CJ-26-0114/_article
AB - BACKGROUND: Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) is a residual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, whether sdLDL-C levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: or positive for urine protein. Cox proportional hazards model with a restricted cubic spline after adjustment for confounders showed a gradual increase in the hazard ratio (HR) for renal impairment with high levels of sdLDL-C. Compared with the L-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C group (reference) the adjusted HRs for renal impairment were significantly higher in the H-sdLDL-C/H-LDL-C and H-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C groups (1.13 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.25] and 1.15 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.29], respectively). The addition of a high sdLDL-C level (≥35.7 mg/dL) to traditional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory capacity for renal impairment. CONCLUSIONS: A high calculated sdLDL-C level was an independent predictor for the progression of renal impairment regardless of LDL-C level in a general Japanese population.
SN - 1347-4820
SN - 1346-9843
ER -