A van der Waals Floating-Gate Platform for Broadband Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Computing

Abstract

Artificial synapses that integrate nonvolatile memory with broadband optoelectronic learning are essential for next-generation neuromorphic computing. However, their realization remains challenging because conventional floating-gate memories exhibit limited optical functionality and poor scalability. Here, we report a van der Waals ReS2/hBN/InSe floating-gate synaptic transistor that combines efficient charge storage with broadband optoelectronic learning in a single device architecture. The heterostructure incorporates InSe as a floating-gate layer for stable charge storage, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a tunneling dielectric, and ReS2 as a photoresponsive channel, enabling carrier tunneling under electrical and optical stimulation. Through the combined operation of these layers, the device achieves a large memory window, an on/off current ratio exceeding 10^6, stable multilevel conductance states, and reliable retention over 10^4 s. Broadband visible-to-near-infrared optical excitation enables controllable synaptic weight modulation and the emulation of essential synaptic functions, including short- and long-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and pulse-amplitude- and pulse-duration-dependent plasticity. Optical potentiation and electrical depression further enable bidirectional modulation of synaptic weights. Beyond these synaptic functions, the device demonstrates higher-order learning through associative and discrimination conditioning inspired by the Pavlovian learning paradigm, as well as reconfigurable Boolean logic driven by electro-optical inputs. These results establish a multifunctional van der Waals floating-gate platform that integrates nonvolatile memory, broadband optoelectronic learning, and adaptive information processing within a single transistor, providing a promising strategy for compact, energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{bach2026waals,
  title = {{A van der Waals Floating-Gate Platform for Broadband Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Computing}},
  author = {Thi Phuong Anh Bach and Sangeun Cho},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.34738},
  eprint = {2610.34738},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34738},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - A van der Waals Floating-Gate Platform for Broadband Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Computing
AU  - Thi Phuong Anh Bach
AU  - Sangeun Cho
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.34738
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34738
AB  - Artificial synapses that integrate nonvolatile memory with broadband optoelectronic learning are essential for next-generation neuromorphic computing. However, their realization remains challenging because conventional floating-gate memories exhibit limited optical functionality and poor scalability. Here, we report a van der Waals ReS2/hBN/InSe floating-gate synaptic transistor that combines efficient charge storage with broadband optoelectronic learning in a single device architecture. The heterostructure incorporates InSe as a floating-gate layer for stable charge storage, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a tunneling dielectric, and ReS2 as a photoresponsive channel, enabling carrier tunneling under electrical and optical stimulation. Through the combined operation of these layers, the device achieves a large memory window, an on/off current ratio exceeding 10^6, stable multilevel conductance states, and reliable retention over 10^4 s. Broadband visible-to-near-infrared optical excitation enables controllable synaptic weight modulation and the emulation of essential synaptic functions, including short- and long-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and pulse-amplitude- and pulse-duration-dependent plasticity. Optical potentiation and electrical depression further enable bidirectional modulation of synaptic weights. Beyond these synaptic functions, the device demonstrates higher-order learning through associative and discrimination conditioning inspired by the Pavlovian learning paradigm, as well as reconfigurable Boolean logic driven by electro-optical inputs. These results establish a multifunctional van der Waals floating-gate platform that integrates nonvolatile memory, broadband optoelectronic learning, and adaptive information processing within a single transistor, providing a promising strategy for compact, energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware.
ER  -

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