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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Cancers

Sex- and Region-Specific Incidence and Mortality Trends in Laryngeal and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A 95,000-Case Population-Based Registry Analysis from Poland, 1999–2023

  • Mariusz Kiszka1
  • Małgorzata Wierzbicka2,3,4
  • Wioletta Pietruszewska5
  • Szczepan Barnaś1
  • Jaroslaw Markowski6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic in Wroclaw, Rudolfa Weigla 5 St., 50-981 Wrocław, Poland
  2. 2Department of Otolaryngology, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław Research and Development Center, H. M. Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
  3. 3Department of Surgical Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego St., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
  4. 4Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 32 Strzeszyńska St., 60-479 Poznan, Poland
  5. 5Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
  6. 6Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20 St., 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Background: Head and neck cancers show marked regional and sex-specific heterogeneity, but long-term trends in laryngeal cancer (LC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), particularly in relation to industrialized environments, remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: This population-based time-trend study analysed 95,423 LC and OPC cases’ (59,160 LC; 36,263 OPC) incidence and mortality data from the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR, 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2023). Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were analysed using log-linear regression with tests for parallelism and intersection, and multivariable models including year, sex and region. Results: In men, LC incidence and mortality declined significantly over time regions, whereas OPC incidence and mortality increased significantly. In women, LC incidence declined modestly, with less consistent mortality change, while OPC incidence and mortality increased steeply in both regions. For both sexes, the slopes of LC and OPC incidence and mortality trends differed significantly, and the corresponding curves crossed during the study period, indicating a shift in disease burden from LC to OPC. Across multiple comparisons, trends in the highly industrialized region and the rest of Poland were often parallel but vertically separated, with less favourable levels in the industrialized region. In multivariable models (R2 > 0.90 for all), calendar year and male sex were independently associated with declining LC and rising OPC patterns, while residence in the highly industrialized region was associated with higher LC mortality and higher OPC incidence. Conclusions: Over 25 years, LC declined while OPC rose sharply, particularly among women. Regional differences were also observed, with a higher burden of selected outcomes in the highly industrialized region; however, these ecological associations should not be interpreted as evidence of a causal effect of industrialization or air pollution.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kiszka2026regionspecific,
  title = {{Sex- and Region-Specific Incidence and Mortality Trends in Laryngeal and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A 95,000-Case Population-Based Registry Analysis from Poland, 1999–2023}},
  author = {Mariusz Kiszka and Małgorzata Wierzbicka and Wioletta Pietruszewska and Szczepan Barnaś and Jaroslaw Markowski},
  journal = {Cancers},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/cancers18213437},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3437},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sex- and Region-Specific Incidence and Mortality Trends in Laryngeal and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A 95,000-Case Population-Based Registry Analysis from Poland, 1999–2023
AU  - Mariusz Kiszka
AU  - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
AU  - Wioletta Pietruszewska
AU  - Szczepan Barnaś
AU  - Jaroslaw Markowski
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
JO  - Cancers
DO  - 10.3390/cancers18213437
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3437
AB  - Background: Head and neck cancers show marked regional and sex-specific heterogeneity, but long-term trends in laryngeal cancer (LC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), particularly in relation to industrialized environments, remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: This population-based time-trend study analysed 95,423 LC and OPC cases’ (59,160 LC; 36,263 OPC) incidence and mortality data from the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR, 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2023). Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were analysed using log-linear regression with tests for parallelism and intersection, and multivariable models including year, sex and region. Results: In men, LC incidence and mortality declined significantly over time regions, whereas OPC incidence and mortality increased significantly. In women, LC incidence declined modestly, with less consistent mortality change, while OPC incidence and mortality increased steeply in both regions. For both sexes, the slopes of LC and OPC incidence and mortality trends differed significantly, and the corresponding curves crossed during the study period, indicating a shift in disease burden from LC to OPC. Across multiple comparisons, trends in the highly industrialized region and the rest of Poland were often parallel but vertically separated, with less favourable levels in the industrialized region. In multivariable models (R2 > 0.90 for all), calendar year and male sex were independently associated with declining LC and rising OPC patterns, while residence in the highly industrialized region was associated with higher LC mortality and higher OPC incidence. Conclusions: Over 25 years, LC declined while OPC rose sharply, particularly among women. Regional differences were also observed, with a higher burden of selected outcomes in the highly industrialized region; however, these ecological associations should not be interpreted as evidence of a causal effect of industrialization or air pollution.
SN  - 2072-6694
ER  -