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Peer-reviewedCC BYPLOS One

Disentangling leaf day respiration from photorespiration in C₃ leaves: A single-curve An/Ca approach validated under photorespiration-suppressed conditions

  • Zipiao Ye1,2,3
  • Xiaolong Yang4,5
  • Ting An2
  • Zhengwen Niu3,6
  • Qi Huang3,6
  • Chunju Peng3,6
  • Fubiao Wang7
  • Huajing Kang3,6
7 affiliations
  1. 1Photosynthesis Research Institute, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
  2. 2New Quality Productivity Research Center, Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts, Deqing, P. R. China.
  3. 3Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
  4. 4School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
  5. 5State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
  6. 6Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
  7. 7Institute of Biophysics, Math & Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, P. R. of China.
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Abstract

Leaf day respiratory rate (Rd), a pivotal component of plant carbon metabolism that directly modulates net photosynthetic carbon gain and plant fitness, has long been challenging to accurately quantify due to overlapping CO2 fluxes with photosynthesis and photorespiration (Rp). This study aimed to disentangle Rd from Rp in C3 crops using a high-CO2/low-O2 (>1200 μmol mol–1 CO2 + 2% O2) An/Ca (net photosynthetic rate-ambient CO2 concentration) model. We integrated two datasets: An/Ca curve data of four C3 species (Trifolium pratense, Silphium perfoliatum, Lolium perenne, Triticum aestivum) under ambient O2 (21% O2) from Ye et al. (2025) and newly collected data under low O2 (2% O2) for the same species. A dedicated model (Eqn 1) was developed to extract key parameters [e.g., the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax), CO2 compensation point (Γ) in the presence of Rd, photorespiratory rate at Ca = 0 μmol mol–1 (RC0)] from An/Ca curves, with ANOVA confirming no significant differences between calculated and observed parameter values (p > 0.05). Under 2% O2, Rp was strongly suppressed, making the gross photorespiratory rate (RC = Rp + Rd) a reliable proxy for approximate Rd. Results showed that Rd estimates from the high-CO2/low-O2 approach (0.74–1.12 μmol m–2 s–1) were consistent with literature ranges (0.74–2.89 μmol m–2 s–1) for four C3 crops. Interspecific differences in Rd were observed: L. perenne had the highest Rd, while T. aestivum had the lowest, which correlated with species-specific photosynthetic traits (e.g., carboxylation efficiency). Rd remained stable across O2 levels (21% vs. 2%), indicating independence from short-term photorespiratory flux changes. The RC ≈ Rd assumption is supported by the substantial decrease in Γ (50–67%) and RCO (40–55%) under 2% O2, and by the consistency of Rd estimates with literature ranges, although independent ground-truth measurements remain to be conducted. This study suggests the high-CO2/low-O2 An/Ca model as a new tool for Rd quantification in C3 crops. The findings enhance understanding of non-photosynthetic carbon flux dynamics and provide critical parameters for refining crop carbon cycling models to predict growth and yield under current and future atmospheric conditions.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ye2026disentangling,
  title = {{Disentangling leaf day respiration from photorespiration in C₃ leaves: A single-curve An/Ca approach validated under photorespiration-suppressed conditions}},
  author = {Zipiao Ye and Xiaolong Yang and Ting An and Zhengwen Niu and Qi Huang and Chunju Peng and Fubiao Wang and Huajing Kang},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0361238},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361238},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Disentangling leaf day respiration from photorespiration in C₃ leaves: A single-curve An/Ca approach validated under photorespiration-suppressed conditions
AU  - Zipiao Ye
AU  - Xiaolong Yang
AU  - Ting An
AU  - Zhengwen Niu
AU  - Qi Huang
AU  - Chunju Peng
AU  - Fubiao Wang
AU  - Huajing Kang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0361238
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361238
AB  - Leaf day respiratory rate (Rd), a pivotal component of plant carbon metabolism that directly modulates net photosynthetic carbon gain and plant fitness, has long been challenging to accurately quantify due to overlapping CO2 fluxes with photosynthesis and photorespiration (Rp). This study aimed to disentangle Rd from Rp in C3 crops using a high-CO2/low-O2 (>1200 μmol mol–1 CO2 + 2% O2) An/Ca (net photosynthetic rate-ambient CO2 concentration) model. We integrated two datasets: An/Ca curve data of four C3 species (Trifolium pratense, Silphium perfoliatum, Lolium perenne, Triticum aestivum) under ambient O2 (21% O2) from Ye et al. (2025) and newly collected data under low O2 (2% O2) for the same species. A dedicated model (Eqn 1) was developed to extract key parameters [e.g., the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Anmax), CO2 compensation point (Γ) in the presence of Rd, photorespiratory rate at Ca = 0 μmol mol–1 (RC0)] from An/Ca curves, with ANOVA confirming no significant differences between calculated and observed parameter values (p > 0.05). Under 2% O2, Rp was strongly suppressed, making the gross photorespiratory rate (RC = Rp + Rd) a reliable proxy for approximate Rd. Results showed that Rd estimates from the high-CO2/low-O2 approach (0.74–1.12 μmol m–2 s–1) were consistent with literature ranges (0.74–2.89 μmol m–2 s–1) for four C3 crops. Interspecific differences in Rd were observed: L. perenne had the highest Rd, while T. aestivum had the lowest, which correlated with species-specific photosynthetic traits (e.g., carboxylation efficiency). Rd remained stable across O2 levels (21% vs. 2%), indicating independence from short-term photorespiratory flux changes. The RC ≈ Rd assumption is supported by the substantial decrease in Γ (50–67%) and RCO (40–55%) under 2% O2, and by the consistency of Rd estimates with literature ranges, although independent ground-truth measurements remain to be conducted. This study suggests the high-CO2/low-O2 An/Ca model as a new tool for Rd quantification in C3 crops. The findings enhance understanding of non-photosynthetic carbon flux dynamics and provide critical parameters for refining crop carbon cycling models to predict growth and yield under current and future atmospheric conditions.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -