The Impact of TOR-S6K-eIF5A Signaling on Translational Control is Key to Plant Root Development
- 1Kyung Hee University
Abstract
Nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR)-S6 kinase (S6K) signaling coordinates plant growth with protein synthesis, but how it interfaces with translation elongation to produce specific developmental outputs remains unclear. Here, we identify eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) as an S6K-associated phosphoprotein in Arabidopsis thaliana. S6K1 and S6K2 associate with all three eIF5A isoforms and phosphorylate them in vitro, with Ser2 emerging as the major S6K1-responsive site in eIF5A-2. The corresponding N-terminal serine is invariant across the analyzed Archaeplastida eIF5A proteins. Conditional depletion of TOR, S6K1/2, or eIF5A produces overlapping reductions in primary root length and root hair coverage. eIF5A depletion leaves bulk protein synthesis and polysome profiles largely unchanged while selectively decreasing output from deca-proline reporters. Reporter activity is restored by amiRNA-resistant wild-type and phosphomimetic S2D eIF5A-2, whereas S2A does not restore activity, demonstrating the functional importance of the Ser2 state. Proteomic profiling identifies a restricted set of eIF5A-responsive proteins, and five of six tested insertion mutants display altered primary root growth, root hair coverage, or both. Together, these findings uncover a regulatory connection between S6K and eIF5A and establish eIF5A-dependent selective translation as a mechanism contributing to root development in A. thaliana.
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BibTeX
@misc{yoon2026impact,
title = {{The Impact of TOR-S6K-eIF5A Signaling on Translational Control is Key to Plant Root Development}},
author = {J.-T. Yoon and D.-H. Lee and S. Choi and C. S. Ahn and S. Muhammad and Y. Liu and H.-S. Pai and E. Y. Kim and H.-S. Lee},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.16.752225},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.16.752225v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The Impact of TOR-S6K-eIF5A Signaling on Translational Control is Key to Plant Root Development
AU - J.-T. Yoon
AU - D.-H. Lee
AU - S. Choi
AU - C. S. Ahn
AU - S. Muhammad
AU - Y. Liu
AU - H.-S. Pai
AU - E. Y. Kim
AU - H.-S. Lee
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.16.752225
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.16.752225v1
AB - Nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR)-S6 kinase (S6K) signaling coordinates plant growth with protein synthesis, but how it interfaces with translation elongation to produce specific developmental outputs remains unclear. Here, we identify eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) as an S6K-associated phosphoprotein in Arabidopsis thaliana. S6K1 and S6K2 associate with all three eIF5A isoforms and phosphorylate them in vitro, with Ser2 emerging as the major S6K1-responsive site in eIF5A-2. The corresponding N-terminal serine is invariant across the analyzed Archaeplastida eIF5A proteins. Conditional depletion of TOR, S6K1/2, or eIF5A produces overlapping reductions in primary root length and root hair coverage. eIF5A depletion leaves bulk protein synthesis and polysome profiles largely unchanged while selectively decreasing output from deca-proline reporters. Reporter activity is restored by amiRNA-resistant wild-type and phosphomimetic S2D eIF5A-2, whereas S2A does not restore activity, demonstrating the functional importance of the Ser2 state. Proteomic profiling identifies a restricted set of eIF5A-responsive proteins, and five of six tested insertion mutants display altered primary root growth, root hair coverage, or both. Together, these findings uncover a regulatory connection between S6K and eIF5A and establish eIF5A-dependent selective translation as a mechanism contributing to root development in A. thaliana.
ER -