Homogenization theory of topological Anderson insulators: genuine gaps and pseudo-gaps
Abstract
A topological Anderson insulator is an insulator whose non-trivial topological phase is induced by disorder. We develop a homogenization theory of this phenomenon for constant-coefficient elliptic systems perturbed by fluctuations oscillating at scale ε. Periodic fluctuations of every order below that of the operator, with appropriate amplitudes, do not average out: they produce an order-one correction M given by a second-order (Born) formula, and the operator converges in the norm-resolvent sense to its homogenized limit. In particular, electric potentials and magnetic fields of zero mean, usually regarded as topologically trivial perturbations, generate corrections M that change the topological phase. Fluctuations confined to a half-plane create an interface that carries the bulk-difference invariant of the homogenized operator for all ε sufficiently small, a property that is stable under local defects. For random fluctuations, rare regions typically fill the homogenized gap, which becomes a pseudo-gap, and the standard interface index need no longer be defined. We define an index along cuts deformed so as to avoid the rare regions, and prove that it equals almost surely the bulk-difference invariant of the operator homogenized in the Born approximation, for first-order alloys with vanishing low moments and for a class of second-order systems with scalar disorder at criticality that includes the BHZ model.
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BibTeX
@misc{bal2026homogenization,
title = {{Homogenization theory of topological Anderson insulators: genuine gaps and pseudo-gaps}},
author = {Guillaume Bal},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38150},
eprint = {2610.38150},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38150},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Homogenization theory of topological Anderson insulators: genuine gaps and pseudo-gaps
AU - Guillaume Bal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38150
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38150
AB - A topological Anderson insulator is an insulator whose non-trivial topological phase is induced by disorder. We develop a homogenization theory of this phenomenon for constant-coefficient elliptic systems perturbed by fluctuations oscillating at scale ε. Periodic fluctuations of every order below that of the operator, with appropriate amplitudes, do not average out: they produce an order-one correction M given by a second-order (Born) formula, and the operator converges in the norm-resolvent sense to its homogenized limit. In particular, electric potentials and magnetic fields of zero mean, usually regarded as topologically trivial perturbations, generate corrections M that change the topological phase. Fluctuations confined to a half-plane create an interface that carries the bulk-difference invariant of the homogenized operator for all ε sufficiently small, a property that is stable under local defects. For random fluctuations, rare regions typically fill the homogenized gap, which becomes a pseudo-gap, and the standard interface index need no longer be defined. We define an index along cuts deformed so as to avoid the rare regions, and prove that it equals almost surely the bulk-difference invariant of the operator homogenized in the Born approximation, for first-order alloys with vanishing low moments and for a class of second-order systems with scalar disorder at criticality that includes the BHZ model.
ER -