THz Spectroscopy of Urine Vapors from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Critical Review and Statistical Reanalysis
Abstract
The cancer specificity of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) motivates complementary, non-invasive approaches to prostate disease assessment. Building on reported high-resolution terahertz (THz) analysis of urine-derived products, this review integrates spectroscopic evidence with a statistical reanalysis of clinical data from 24 patients with prostate cancer (PC) and 14 with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Nonparametric statistical comparison shows higher PSA levels in PC, while overlapping patient distributions and receiver-operating-characteristic analysis with bootstrap uncertainty estimation demonstrate incomplete discrimination from BPH. Fast frequency-sweep spectroscopy characterizes urine-derived volatile and thermal-decomposition products, distinguishing compounds shared between groups from candidate PC-associated assignments, including glycolaldehyde, butyronitrile, pentanenitrile and methyl isocyanate. Glycolaldehyde has been detected by urinary carbonyl profiling, while benzaldehyde and phenol have been reported in urinary volatile studies. Related aldehydes identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and glycine-associated metabolites reported in proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies provide complementary chemical and metabolic context. These correspondences support plausibility of THz findings without establishing PC specificity. Together, the dataset, statistical assessment and comparative literature synthesis support THz urine spectroscopy as a platform for molecular discovery and candidate prioritization. Standardized sample preparation, separation of native urinary constituents from processing-derived products, and validation in independent cohorts remain necessary.
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BibTeX
@misc{atduev2026spectroscopy,
title = {{THz Spectroscopy of Urine Vapors from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Critical Review and Statistical Reanalysis}},
author = {V. A. Atduev and A. V. Maslennikova and V. L. Vaks and A. P. Bavrina and E. G. Domracheva and M. B. Chernyaeva and V. A. Anfertev and K. A. Atduev and Y. Tawalbeh and M. F. Pereira},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.23814},
eprint = {2609.23814},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23814},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - THz Spectroscopy of Urine Vapors from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Critical Review and Statistical Reanalysis
AU - V. A. Atduev
AU - A. V. Maslennikova
AU - V. L. Vaks
AU - A. P. Bavrina
AU - E. G. Domracheva
AU - M. B. Chernyaeva
AU - V. A. Anfertev
AU - K. A. Atduev
AU - Y. Tawalbeh
AU - M. F. Pereira
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.23814
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23814
AB - The cancer specificity of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) motivates complementary, non-invasive approaches to prostate disease assessment. Building on reported high-resolution terahertz (THz) analysis of urine-derived products, this review integrates spectroscopic evidence with a statistical reanalysis of clinical data from 24 patients with prostate cancer (PC) and 14 with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Nonparametric statistical comparison shows higher PSA levels in PC, while overlapping patient distributions and receiver-operating-characteristic analysis with bootstrap uncertainty estimation demonstrate incomplete discrimination from BPH. Fast frequency-sweep spectroscopy characterizes urine-derived volatile and thermal-decomposition products, distinguishing compounds shared between groups from candidate PC-associated assignments, including glycolaldehyde, butyronitrile, pentanenitrile and methyl isocyanate. Glycolaldehyde has been detected by urinary carbonyl profiling, while benzaldehyde and phenol have been reported in urinary volatile studies. Related aldehydes identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and glycine-associated metabolites reported in proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies provide complementary chemical and metabolic context. These correspondences support plausibility of THz findings without establishing PC specificity. Together, the dataset, statistical assessment and comparative literature synthesis support THz urine spectroscopy as a platform for molecular discovery and candidate prioritization. Standardized sample preparation, separation of native urinary constituents from processing-derived products, and validation in independent cohorts remain necessary.
ER -