Testing Charged Black Holes Embedded in Anisotropic Matter and Surrounded by Plasma through Gravitational Lensing: Bounds from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey
Abstract
We investigate weak gravitational lensing by a charged black hole surrounded by anisotropic matter, described by the two-component Kiselev metric, and immersed in a homogeneous plasma. We first examine the black hole geometry and horizon structure and then derive the weak-deflection angle from the Hamiltonian description of light propagation in plasma, using an expansion with a fixed turning point that we verify against direct numerical integration. Using the gravitational lens equation, we obtain the Einstein-ring angle, the image positions, the total magnification and the fractional magnifications of the primary and secondary images. We then confront the model with the Einstein radii of two galaxy-scale lenses of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey, J0008−0004 and J0029−0055. Because the Einstein angle cannot be smaller than the reduced deficit deflection, the observed radii give the mass-independent bounds K<6.5×10−6 and K<4.2×10−6, respectively. The charge correction to the Einstein radius is suppressed by rs/RE≈ 5×10−6 and is unobservable, while the plasma parameter at the optical wavelengths of the SLACS imaging is of order 10−22 and cannot be constrained. Our results show that galaxy-scale strong lensing data place stringent limits on anisotropic matter surrounding the lens, whereas plasma effects can be probed only at low radio frequencies.
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BibTeX
@misc{pandey2026testing,
title = {{Testing Charged Black Holes Embedded in Anisotropic Matter and Surrounded by Plasma through Gravitational Lensing: Bounds from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey}},
author = {Ritesh Pandey and Shubham Kala and Amare Abebe and Hemwati Nandan and G. G. L. Nashed},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20017},
eprint = {2610.20017},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20017},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Testing Charged Black Holes Embedded in Anisotropic Matter and Surrounded by Plasma through Gravitational Lensing: Bounds from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey
AU - Ritesh Pandey
AU - Shubham Kala
AU - Amare Abebe
AU - Hemwati Nandan
AU - G. G. L. Nashed
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20017
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20017
AB - We investigate weak gravitational lensing by a charged black hole surrounded by anisotropic matter, described by the two-component Kiselev metric, and immersed in a homogeneous plasma. We first examine the black hole geometry and horizon structure and then derive the weak-deflection angle from the Hamiltonian description of light propagation in plasma, using an expansion with a fixed turning point that we verify against direct numerical integration. Using the gravitational lens equation, we obtain the Einstein-ring angle, the image positions, the total magnification and the fractional magnifications of the primary and secondary images. We then confront the model with the Einstein radii of two galaxy-scale lenses of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey, J0008−0004 and J0029−0055. Because the Einstein angle cannot be smaller than the reduced deficit deflection, the observed radii give the mass-independent bounds K<6.5×10^−6 and K<4.2×10^−6, respectively. The charge correction to the Einstein radius is suppressed by r_s/R_E≈ 5×10^−6 and is unobservable, while the plasma parameter at the optical wavelengths of the SLACS imaging is of order 10^−22 and cannot be constrained. Our results show that galaxy-scale strong lensing data place stringent limits on anisotropic matter surrounding the lens, whereas plasma effects can be probed only at low radio frequencies.
ER -