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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Molecules

Study of Stabilization Mechanism of CO2 Foam Flooding System Using Gas-Soluble Nonionic Surfactant and Nano-SiO2

  • Jiuzheng Yu1,2
  • Xiao Qu1,2
  • Shichun Yu1,2
  • Yuqin Jia1,2
  • Ping Yi1,2
  • Minglei Tian3
  1. 1Oil and Gas Technology Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710018, China
  2. 2National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an 710018, China
  3. 3College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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Abstract

CO2 flooding is essential for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs; however, the large viscosity contrast between CO2 and crude oil leads to severe gas channeling and low sweep efficiency. In this study, a binary composite system was constructed with a gas-soluble nonionic surfactant (OXO1312) as the foaming core and nano-SiO2 as the Pickering stabilizer. The solubility of the surfactants in scCO2 was evaluated at 60 °C and 20 MPa using a variable-volume apparatus, the foam performance was assessed by the Waring Blender method, and the foam morphology was observed by optical microscopy. The nonionic surfactants exhibited markedly higher scCO2 solubilities (>2 wt%) than the anionic surfactants (<1 wt%), following a clear carbon-chain-length window effect. OXO1312, combining high CO2-philicity with an appropriate EO number, was selected as the optimal foaming agent. The addition of 1.5 wt% nano-SiO2 increased the drainage half-life of the OXO1312 system by 84% through pronounced Pickering stabilization. The binary system remained stable below 50 °C under moderate salinity, whereas the half-life declined sharply above 70 °C. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the formulation design of CO2 foam flooding systems for CCUS-EOR.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yu2026study,
  title = {{Study of Stabilization Mechanism of CO2 Foam Flooding System Using Gas-Soluble Nonionic Surfactant and Nano-SiO2}},
  author = {Jiuzheng Yu and Xiao Qu and Shichun Yu and Yuqin Jia and Ping Yi and Minglei Tian},
  journal = {Molecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/molecules31203693},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3693},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study of Stabilization Mechanism of CO2 Foam Flooding System Using Gas-Soluble Nonionic Surfactant and Nano-SiO2
AU  - Jiuzheng Yu
AU  - Xiao Qu
AU  - Shichun Yu
AU  - Yuqin Jia
AU  - Ping Yi
AU  - Minglei Tian
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Molecules
DO  - 10.3390/molecules31203693
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3693
AB  - CO2 flooding is essential for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs; however, the large viscosity contrast between CO2 and crude oil leads to severe gas channeling and low sweep efficiency. In this study, a binary composite system was constructed with a gas-soluble nonionic surfactant (OXO1312) as the foaming core and nano-SiO2 as the Pickering stabilizer. The solubility of the surfactants in scCO2 was evaluated at 60 °C and 20 MPa using a variable-volume apparatus, the foam performance was assessed by the Waring Blender method, and the foam morphology was observed by optical microscopy. The nonionic surfactants exhibited markedly higher scCO2 solubilities (>2 wt%) than the anionic surfactants (<1 wt%), following a clear carbon-chain-length window effect. OXO1312, combining high CO2-philicity with an appropriate EO number, was selected as the optimal foaming agent. The addition of 1.5 wt% nano-SiO2 increased the drainage half-life of the OXO1312 system by 84% through pronounced Pickering stabilization. The binary system remained stable below 50 °C under moderate salinity, whereas the half-life declined sharply above 70 °C. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the formulation design of CO2 foam flooding systems for CCUS-EOR.
SN  - 1420-3049
ER  -