Latent profiles of day-7 cognitive performance and associated ecological factors in older adults after elective surgery: an observational study
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital
- 2Medical School, Yangtze University
- 3Department of Neurology, Jingzhou Central Hospital
Abstract
Objective: To identify latent profiles of postoperative day-7 cognitive performance among older adults after elective surgery and to explore demographic, behavioral, clinical, and social factors associated with profile membership.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 308 consecutively recruited patients aged ≥65 years who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. Cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and latent profile analysis used five study-defined postoperative domain scores. Candidate correlates were organized with the health ecological model and examined using univariate tests and posterior-probability-weighted exploratory multinomial regression.
Results: Three severity-ordered profiles were identified: low (n=83, 26.9%), intermediate (n=72, 23.4%), and high postoperative cognitive performance (n=153, 49.7%). Older age and lower education were associated with both lower-performance profiles. Greater activities-of-daily-living dependence, lower income, and living alone were associated with the low-performance profile, whereas poorer sleep was associated with the intermediate-performance profile.
Conclusions: Day-7 MMSE performance formed a severity gradient across three data-driven profiles. These cross-sectional profiles do not demonstrate postoperative decline, a clinical diagnosis, or an effect attributable specifically to general anesthesia. Longitudinal studies with retained baseline scores, appropriate comparison groups, and broader neuropsychological assessment are required before profile-specific interventions can be recommended.
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BibTeX
@article{liao2026latent,
title = {{Latent profiles of day-7 cognitive performance and associated ecological factors in older adults after elective surgery: an observational study}},
author = {Yao Liao and Xuanying Zhang and Yunlei Zhang and Lunmei Shi and Yalin Liu},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1975739},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1975739/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Latent profiles of day-7 cognitive performance and associated ecological factors in older adults after elective surgery: an observational study
AU - Yao Liao
AU - Xuanying Zhang
AU - Yunlei Zhang
AU - Lunmei Shi
AU - Yalin Liu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
JO - Frontiers in Psychiatry
DO - 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1975739
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1975739/full
AB - Objective: To identify latent profiles of postoperative day-7 cognitive performance among older adults after elective surgery and to explore demographic, behavioral, clinical, and social factors associated with profile membership. Methods: This prospective observational study included 308 consecutively recruited patients aged ≥65 years who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. Cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and latent profile analysis used five study-defined postoperative domain scores. Candidate correlates were organized with the health ecological model and examined using univariate tests and posterior-probability-weighted exploratory multinomial regression. Results: Three severity-ordered profiles were identified: low (n=83, 26.9%), intermediate (n=72, 23.4%), and high postoperative cognitive performance (n=153, 49.7%). Older age and lower education were associated with both lower-performance profiles. Greater activities-of-daily-living dependence, lower income, and living alone were associated with the low-performance profile, whereas poorer sleep was associated with the intermediate-performance profile. Conclusions: Day-7 MMSE performance formed a severity gradient across three data-driven profiles. These cross-sectional profiles do not demonstrate postoperative decline, a clinical diagnosis, or an effect attributable specifically to general anesthesia. Longitudinal studies with retained baseline scores, appropriate comparison groups, and broader neuropsychological assessment are required before profile-specific interventions can be recommended.
SN - 1664-0640
ER -