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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of High Energy Physics

Towards accurate gravitational wave predictions: gauge-invariant nucleation in the electroweak phase transition

  • Jie Liu1
  • Renhui Qin2
  • Ligong Bian1
  1. 1Chongqing University
  2. 2College of Science, Hunan Institute of Science and Engineering
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Abstract

A bstract : The vacuum decay in the early Universe should be gauge-invariant. In this work, we study the gauge dependence of the vacuum decay occurring through a first-order phase transition and the associated gravitational wave production. We investigate the gauge dependence of the bubble nucleation and phase transition parameters within the framework of the Standard model effective field theory in three dimension. By considering the power-counting and utilizing the Nielsen identity at finite temperature, we show that, depending on the power-counting scheme favored by the new physics scale, the perturbative computation methodology allow we get the gauge-independent nucleation rates and phase transition, this enables more accurate predictions of gravitational wave signatures.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{liu2026towards,
  title = {{Towards accurate gravitational wave predictions: gauge-invariant nucleation in the electroweak phase transition}},
  author = {Jie Liu and Renhui Qin and Ligong Bian},
  journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/jhep10(2026)086},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)086},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Towards accurate gravitational wave predictions: gauge-invariant nucleation in the electroweak phase transition
AU  - Jie Liu
AU  - Renhui Qin
AU  - Ligong Bian
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Journal of High Energy Physics
DO  - 10.1007/jhep10(2026)086
UR  - https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)086
AB  - A bstract : The vacuum decay in the early Universe should be gauge-invariant. In this work, we study the gauge dependence of the vacuum decay occurring through a first-order phase transition and the associated gravitational wave production. We investigate the gauge dependence of the bubble nucleation and phase transition parameters within the framework of the Standard model effective field theory in three dimension. By considering the power-counting and utilizing the Nielsen identity at finite temperature, we show that, depending on the power-counting scheme favored by the new physics scale, the perturbative computation methodology allow we get the gauge-independent nucleation rates and phase transition, this enables more accurate predictions of gravitational wave signatures.
SN  - 1029-8479
ER  -