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Peer-reviewedCC BYScientific Reports

dual functional microwave sensor with high-gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction

  • Syah Alam1
  • Indra Surjati1
  • Mudrik Alaydrus2
  • Lydia Sari1
  • Mhd Idham Khalif1
  • Zahriladha Zakaria3
  • Teguh Firmansyah4
  • Ken Paramayudha5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Trisakti
  2. 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana
  3. 3Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Technology (FTKEK) of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
  4. 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
  5. 5Research Center for Telecommunication, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
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Abstract

This paper proposes the dual functional microwave sensor with high gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction. The microwave sensor is designed to operate at f r = 2.11 GHz while the array antenna operates at f r = 2.84 GHz which is integrated using asymmetric T-junction based on microstrip line. The performance of the sensor is observed based on the frequency shift of S21 for solid material characterization with a permittivity range of 1–9.8 while for the antenna is observed based on the parameters S11, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern. From the measurement results, the antenna and sensor have high performance and have independent characteristics with high isolation of ≤ -40 dB to work concurrently. Moreover, the antenna has performance of S11 ≤ -10 dB, Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) 2.11% and gain of 6.03 dBi at f r = 2.84 GHz. The sensors operating at f r = 2.11 GHz has a performance of ∆F of 0.4 GHz, FDR of 0.061 GHz / ∆εr, normalized sensitivity (NS) of 2.21% and accuracy of 99.38%. Therefore, this work can be recommended for application in industries such as material quality control, pharmaceuticals and biomedical as a solution for real-time measurement processes integrated with wireless communications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{alam2026dual,
  title = {{dual functional microwave sensor with high-gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction}},
  author = {Syah Alam and Indra Surjati and Mudrik Alaydrus and Lydia Sari and Mhd Idham Khalif and Zahriladha Zakaria and Teguh Firmansyah and Ken Paramayudha},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-62448-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62448-9},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - dual functional microwave sensor with high-gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction
AU  - Syah Alam
AU  - Indra Surjati
AU  - Mudrik Alaydrus
AU  - Lydia Sari
AU  - Mhd Idham Khalif
AU  - Zahriladha Zakaria
AU  - Teguh Firmansyah
AU  - Ken Paramayudha
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - Scientific Reports
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-026-62448-9
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62448-9
AB  - This paper proposes the dual functional microwave sensor with high gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction. The microwave sensor is designed to operate at f r = 2.11 GHz while the array antenna operates at f r = 2.84 GHz which is integrated using asymmetric T-junction based on microstrip line. The performance of the sensor is observed based on the frequency shift of S21 for solid material characterization with a permittivity range of 1–9.8 while for the antenna is observed based on the parameters S11, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern. From the measurement results, the antenna and sensor have high performance and have independent characteristics with high isolation of ≤ -40 dB to work concurrently. Moreover, the antenna has performance of S11 ≤ -10 dB, Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) 2.11% and gain of 6.03 dBi at f r = 2.84 GHz. The sensors operating at f r = 2.11 GHz has a performance of ∆F of 0.4 GHz, FDR of 0.061 GHz / ∆εr, normalized sensitivity (NS) of 2.21% and accuracy of 99.38%. Therefore, this work can be recommended for application in industries such as material quality control, pharmaceuticals and biomedical as a solution for real-time measurement processes integrated with wireless communications.
SN  - 2045-2322
ER  -