Long Non-Coding RNAs in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Potential Clinical Implications
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Nursing and Emergency Medicine, Pomeranian University, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
- 2Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Provincial Specialist Hospital, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
- 3Doctoral School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
- 4Department of General Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- 5Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) involves immune-mediated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate immune responses, but their clinical relevance in ITP remains uncertain. This narrative review examines disease-associated expression and mechanistic findings, distinguishing translational potential from established clinical utility. Methods: English-language literature identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was synthesized narratively. Eight named lncRNAs were prioritized because the cited ITP studies provided transcript-specific patient data or functional evidence; exploratory expression profiling and evidence from other diseases were considered separately. Study design, sample size, specimen type, treatment exposure, and validation status informed interpretation. Results: The selected transcripts were HCP5, NEAT1, lnc-DC, IFNG-AS1, MEG3, GAS5, MALAT1, and THRIL. Among the clinical studies with reported sample sizes, ITP groups generally included 20–90 patients, except for a GAS5 polymorphism study involving 302 patients. An independent prognostic association for low HCP5 expression was reported in a single study of 40 patients and has not been externally validated. Other studies described exploratory associations with bleeding, disease duration, or treatment response. Distinguishing primary from secondary ITP and selecting patients for splenectomy are not established applications. Cell experiments and a mouse model support mechanistic hypotheses but do not demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in humans. Conclusions: The evidence supports biological plausibility and translational investigation, rather than routine diagnostic, prognostic, or treatment-guiding use. Prospective validation in clinically representative cohorts and standardized assays are required.
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BibTeX
@article{homenda2026long,
title = {{Long Non-Coding RNAs in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Potential Clinical Implications}},
author = {Wojciech Homenda and Dominika Strzała and Aleksandra Połom and Rafał Moraczyński and Krzysztof Homenda and Sylwia Paszek and Natalia Potocka-Wojtowicz and Izabela Zawlik},
journal = {Cells},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/cells15212018},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/15/21/2018},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Long Non-Coding RNAs in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Potential Clinical Implications
AU - Wojciech Homenda
AU - Dominika Strzała
AU - Aleksandra Połom
AU - Rafał Moraczyński
AU - Krzysztof Homenda
AU - Sylwia Paszek
AU - Natalia Potocka-Wojtowicz
AU - Izabela Zawlik
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/05
JO - Cells
DO - 10.3390/cells15212018
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/15/21/2018
AB - Background/Objectives: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) involves immune-mediated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate immune responses, but their clinical relevance in ITP remains uncertain. This narrative review examines disease-associated expression and mechanistic findings, distinguishing translational potential from established clinical utility. Methods: English-language literature identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was synthesized narratively. Eight named lncRNAs were prioritized because the cited ITP studies provided transcript-specific patient data or functional evidence; exploratory expression profiling and evidence from other diseases were considered separately. Study design, sample size, specimen type, treatment exposure, and validation status informed interpretation. Results: The selected transcripts were HCP5, NEAT1, lnc-DC, IFNG-AS1, MEG3, GAS5, MALAT1, and THRIL. Among the clinical studies with reported sample sizes, ITP groups generally included 20–90 patients, except for a GAS5 polymorphism study involving 302 patients. An independent prognostic association for low HCP5 expression was reported in a single study of 40 patients and has not been externally validated. Other studies described exploratory associations with bleeding, disease duration, or treatment response. Distinguishing primary from secondary ITP and selecting patients for splenectomy are not established applications. Cell experiments and a mouse model support mechanistic hypotheses but do not demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in humans. Conclusions: The evidence supports biological plausibility and translational investigation, rather than routine diagnostic, prognostic, or treatment-guiding use. Prospective validation in clinically representative cohorts and standardized assays are required.
SN - 2073-4409
ER -