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Peer-reviewedCC BYGels (Basel, Switzerland)

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Zwitterionic Surfactant-Based Foaming Formulation for Gas Well Deliquification.

  • Sanbao Dong1,2
  • Yao Yan1
  • Haifeng Liu3
  • Jiakui Chen1
  • Jinhua Li1
  • Weiwei Han1
  • Chao Ma2,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Petroleum University, Xi'an 710065, China.
  2. 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.
  3. 3No. 2 Gas Production Plant of Yanchang Gas Field, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Yulin 718500, China.
  4. 4School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.
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Abstract

A novel zwitterionic surfactant (HAPB) was synthesized and combined with lauramidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (LATC) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) to form a high-performance foaming formulation for gas well deliquification. The optimized LATC/AOS/HAPB formulation (15 mmol/L, molar ratio of 16/4/5) achieved a foaming volume and half-life of 400 mL and 9.46 min, respectively. Adding 0.2% sodium alginate (SA), a green polymer, the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA foam's volume dropped to 350 mL; however, its half-life ramped to 55.47 min. With 0.1 SA and 0.01% calcium lactate (CL), the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system exhibited excellent foaming and liquid-carrying performance. At 50% methanol, its liquid-carrying rate reached its maximum (57.44%), while the foaming rate remained 100%. Condensate oil slightly reduced the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL mixture's liquid-carrying performance, but did not affect its foaming ability, which was maintained at 100% below 50% condensate oil content. The foaming formulation demonstrated outstanding salt resistance, producing a liquid-carrying rate of 26.40% and a foaming rate of 90% at an extremely high salinity of 410 g/L, which was the highest level reported in the literature to date. Furthermore, surface tension tests and the foam's morphological analysis verified the presence of synergy among the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system, which effectively enhanced its foaming capability, foam stability, and liquid-carrying ability.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{dong2026development,
  title = {{Development and Evaluation of a Novel Zwitterionic Surfactant-Based Foaming Formulation for Gas Well Deliquification.}},
  author = {Sanbao Dong and Yao Yan and Haifeng Liu and Jiakui Chen and Jinhua Li and Weiwei Han and Chao Ma},
  journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/gels12100904},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929938},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development and Evaluation of a Novel Zwitterionic Surfactant-Based Foaming Formulation for Gas Well Deliquification.
AU  - Sanbao Dong
AU  - Yao Yan
AU  - Haifeng Liu
AU  - Jiakui Chen
AU  - Jinhua Li
AU  - Weiwei Han
AU  - Chao Ma
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/gels12100904
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929938
AB  - A novel zwitterionic surfactant (HAPB) was synthesized and combined with lauramidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (LATC) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) to form a high-performance foaming formulation for gas well deliquification. The optimized LATC/AOS/HAPB formulation (15 mmol/L, molar ratio of 16/4/5) achieved a foaming volume and half-life of 400 mL and 9.46 min, respectively. Adding 0.2% sodium alginate (SA), a green polymer, the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA foam's volume dropped to 350 mL; however, its half-life ramped to 55.47 min. With 0.1 SA and 0.01% calcium lactate (CL), the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system exhibited excellent foaming and liquid-carrying performance. At 50% methanol, its liquid-carrying rate reached its maximum (57.44%), while the foaming rate remained 100%. Condensate oil slightly reduced the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL mixture's liquid-carrying performance, but did not affect its foaming ability, which was maintained at 100% below 50% condensate oil content. The foaming formulation demonstrated outstanding salt resistance, producing a liquid-carrying rate of 26.40% and a foaming rate of 90% at an extremely high salinity of 410 g/L, which was the highest level reported in the literature to date. Furthermore, surface tension tests and the foam's morphological analysis verified the presence of synergy among the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system, which effectively enhanced its foaming capability, foam stability, and liquid-carrying ability.
SN  - 2310-2861
ER  -