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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Science Advances

Effector-triggered stomatal immunity prevents leaf invasion by bacterial pathogens

  • Tamar V. Av-Shalom1
  • Yan Lai1
  • Racquel A. Singh1
  • Dora Yuping Wang1
  • Reid Gohmann2
  • David Mackey2,3
  • Darrell Desveaux1,4
  • David S. Guttman1,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
  2. 2Department of Horticulture and Crop Science; and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
  3. 3Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
  4. 4Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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Abstract

The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae must enter the leaf interior through natural openings such as stomata to cause disease. Plants restrict pathogen entry into the leaf through non–self-recognition–driven stomatal closure. P. syringae counters this stomatal immunity by deploying a range of toxins and effectors. Here, we show that stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana is reinforced upon recognition of the ubiquitous P. syringae type III effector AvrE1 by the resistance protein CAR1. CAR1 expression is enriched in guard cells, and its activation prolongs the effective duration of stomatal immunity. We also show that CAR1 prevents the invasion of leaf tissue by natural isolates of P. syringae, demonstrating that stomatal immunity provides a broadly significant barrier to host accessibility by P. syringae that carry the conserved effector AvrE1.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{avshalom2026effectortriggered,
  title = {{Effector-triggered stomatal immunity prevents leaf invasion by bacterial pathogens}},
  author = {Tamar V. Av-Shalom and Yan Lai and Racquel A. Singh and Dora Yuping Wang and Reid Gohmann and David Mackey and Darrell Desveaux and David S. Guttman},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aei5129},
  url = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.aei5129},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effector-triggered stomatal immunity prevents leaf invasion by bacterial pathogens
AU  - Tamar V. Av-Shalom
AU  - Yan Lai
AU  - Racquel A. Singh
AU  - Dora Yuping Wang
AU  - Reid Gohmann
AU  - David Mackey
AU  - Darrell Desveaux
AU  - David S. Guttman
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/04
JO  - Science Advances
DO  - 10.1126/sciadv.aei5129
UR  - https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.aei5129
AB  - The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae must enter the leaf interior through natural openings such as stomata to cause disease. Plants restrict pathogen entry into the leaf through non–self-recognition–driven stomatal closure. P. syringae counters this stomatal immunity by deploying a range of toxins and effectors. Here, we show that stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana is reinforced upon recognition of the ubiquitous P. syringae type III effector AvrE1 by the resistance protein CAR1. CAR1 expression is enriched in guard cells, and its activation prolongs the effective duration of stomatal immunity. We also show that CAR1 prevents the invasion of leaf tissue by natural isolates of P. syringae, demonstrating that stomatal immunity provides a broadly significant barrier to host accessibility by P. syringae that carry the conserved effector AvrE1.
SN  - 2375-2548
ER  -