Non-associative Hopf Algebra on Dyck Paths Arising from the Shuffle-insertion Product
Abstract
In this paper, we define a shuffle-insertion product and a cut-box coproduct on the vector space spanned by Dyck paths, where the product is commutative but non-associative. We prove that the product and coproduct are compatible, making the space a non-associative bialgebra. This bialgebra is connected and bigraded by path degree and peak number, and hence is a non-associative Hopf algebra. Its primitive subspace is spanned by atoms, and associators of primitive elements are primitive. Furthermore, we provide closed-form formulas for its left and right antipodes. We also define the convolution product on the space of linear transformations of the non-associative Hopf algebra, which equips this space with a non-associative algebra structure. Finally, we construct a one-parameter deformation preserving the cut-box coproduct. Its zero specialization is the ordinary shuffle Hopf algebra, which is also the associated graded algebra for the atom filtration, while every nonzero specialization is isomorphic to the shuffle-insertion algebra.
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BibTeX
@misc{bergeron2026nonassociative,
title = {{Non-associative Hopf Algebra on Dyck Paths Arising from the Shuffle-insertion Product}},
author = {Nantel Bergeron and Yuchen Guo and Huilan Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38139},
eprint = {2610.38139},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38139},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Non-associative Hopf Algebra on Dyck Paths Arising from the Shuffle-insertion Product
AU - Nantel Bergeron
AU - Yuchen Guo
AU - Huilan Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38139
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38139
AB - In this paper, we define a shuffle-insertion product and a cut-box coproduct on the vector space spanned by Dyck paths, where the product is commutative but non-associative. We prove that the product and coproduct are compatible, making the space a non-associative bialgebra. This bialgebra is connected and bigraded by path degree and peak number, and hence is a non-associative Hopf algebra. Its primitive subspace is spanned by atoms, and associators of primitive elements are primitive. Furthermore, we provide closed-form formulas for its left and right antipodes. We also define the convolution product on the space of linear transformations of the non-associative Hopf algebra, which equips this space with a non-associative algebra structure. Finally, we construct a one-parameter deformation preserving the cut-box coproduct. Its zero specialization is the ordinary shuffle Hopf algebra, which is also the associated graded algebra for the atom filtration, while every nonzero specialization is isomorphic to the shuffle-insertion algebra.
ER -