Active Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Electrospun Membranes Incorporating Antioxidant Oil from Spent Coffee Grounds
- 1“Materials + Technologies” Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- 2Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology, General Research Service (SGIker), Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa (GIE), University of the Basque Country, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
Abstract
Active poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofiber membranes incorporating antioxidant extracted coffee oil (ECO) from spent coffee grounds were prepared by electrospinning. GC-MS analysis revealed similar proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic (37%) and palmitic (35%) acids, followed by oleic/elaidic (9%) and stearic (8%) acids. ECO exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays (82 and 51 μmol Trolox equivalents, respectively), with a total phenolic content of 22 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram. Single-needle electrospinning produced membranes containing 8–30 wt% ECO, while coaxial electrospinning of an ECO core and PHBV shell yielded membranes containing 15 wt% ECO. Thermal, morphological, surface, mechanical, and antioxidant properties were investigated. Single-needle electrospinning produced continuous, bead-free nanofibers, whereas TEM observations suggested a core–shell structure in coaxial fibers. ECO incorporation increased fiber diameter (465–586 nm for single-needle and 542–619 nm for coaxial fibers), promoted fiber junctions and surface wettability, and significantly improved mechanical strength, particularly at the highest ECO loading. All ECO-loaded membranes showed radical scavenging activity, with coaxially electrospun membranes exhibiting DPPH inhibition (44%) comparable to that of single-needle membranes containing twice the ECO loading. These findings support the potential of ECO-loaded PHBV nanofibers as active membranes.
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BibTeX
@article{arsuaga2026active,
title = {{Active Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Electrospun Membranes Incorporating Antioxidant Oil from Spent Coffee Grounds}},
author = {Laura Vignau Arsuaga and Aloña Retegi and Irati Berasarte and Loli Martin and Arantxa Eceiza and Nagore Gabilondo},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/polym18212780},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2780},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Active Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Electrospun Membranes Incorporating Antioxidant Oil from Spent Coffee Grounds
AU - Laura Vignau Arsuaga
AU - Aloña Retegi
AU - Irati Berasarte
AU - Loli Martin
AU - Arantxa Eceiza
AU - Nagore Gabilondo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/07
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18212780
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2780
AB - Active poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofiber membranes incorporating antioxidant extracted coffee oil (ECO) from spent coffee grounds were prepared by electrospinning. GC-MS analysis revealed similar proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic (37%) and palmitic (35%) acids, followed by oleic/elaidic (9%) and stearic (8%) acids. ECO exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays (82 and 51 μmol Trolox equivalents, respectively), with a total phenolic content of 22 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram. Single-needle electrospinning produced membranes containing 8–30 wt% ECO, while coaxial electrospinning of an ECO core and PHBV shell yielded membranes containing 15 wt% ECO. Thermal, morphological, surface, mechanical, and antioxidant properties were investigated. Single-needle electrospinning produced continuous, bead-free nanofibers, whereas TEM observations suggested a core–shell structure in coaxial fibers. ECO incorporation increased fiber diameter (465–586 nm for single-needle and 542–619 nm for coaxial fibers), promoted fiber junctions and surface wettability, and significantly improved mechanical strength, particularly at the highest ECO loading. All ECO-loaded membranes showed radical scavenging activity, with coaxially electrospun membranes exhibiting DPPH inhibition (44%) comparable to that of single-needle membranes containing twice the ECO loading. These findings support the potential of ECO-loaded PHBV nanofibers as active membranes.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -