A Two-Parameter Framework for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
Abstract
Following important experimental developments, tests of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) are entering a new phase that might lead to a discovery. This motivates the development of simple and broadly applicable tools for comparing theoretical predictions and interpreting experimental results. We show that, over the energy range relevant to current detectors, the DSNB is well described by an exponential spectrum, characterized by the differential flux at 20 MeV, ϕ20, and a spectral energy scale, E0. We fit the spectra of 24 representative models and demonstrate that the exponential description provides an excellent approximation. We then recast the recent Super-Kamiokande results in the (ϕ20,E0) plane, showing that model-specific best fits and upper bounds can be interpreted naturally within this framework. Our results indicate that, above realistic detection thresholds, and until the precision phase is reached, the observable DSNB is effectively a two-parameter phenomenon. We advocate that the (ϕ20,E0) parameterization be adopted as a standard, to be used routinely to report future theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{lunardini2026twoparameter,
title = {{A Two-Parameter Framework for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background}},
author = {Cecilia Lunardini and Xingyun Yang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.08753},
eprint = {2609.08753},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08753},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Two-Parameter Framework for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
AU - Cecilia Lunardini
AU - Xingyun Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.08753
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08753
AB - Following important experimental developments, tests of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) are entering a new phase that might lead to a discovery. This motivates the development of simple and broadly applicable tools for comparing theoretical predictions and interpreting experimental results. We show that, over the energy range relevant to current detectors, the DSNB is well described by an exponential spectrum, characterized by the differential flux at 20 MeV, ϕ_20, and a spectral energy scale, E_0. We fit the spectra of 24 representative models and demonstrate that the exponential description provides an excellent approximation. We then recast the recent Super-Kamiokande results in the (ϕ_20,E_0) plane, showing that model-specific best fits and upper bounds can be interpreted naturally within this framework. Our results indicate that, above realistic detection thresholds, and until the precision phase is reached, the observable DSNB is effectively a two-parameter phenomenon. We advocate that the (ϕ_20,E_0) parameterization be adopted as a standard, to be used routinely to report future theoretical predictions and experimental results.
ER -