Impact of Archwire Presence and Adhesive Removal Techniques on Enamel Crack Formation During Orthodontic Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study.
- 1Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
- 2Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
- 3Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
Abstract
Objectives
Enamel cracks are a common complication following orthodontic bracket debonding and the removal of adhesives. This study investigated whether the presence of an archwire during debonding and the use of turbine (high-speed) versus angle (low-speed) tungsten carbide burs affect the number, length, or orientation of enamel cracks.Material and methods
In this in vitro experimental study, 64 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 16): with or without an archwire during debonding, and adhesive removal using either a high-speed (turbine) or a low-speed (angle) tungsten carbide bur. Stereomicroscopic images were taken before bonding and after adhesive removal to assess the number, length, and direction of enamel cracks. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores were also recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05).Results
All groups exhibited a statistically significant increase in both the number and length of enamel cracks following bracket debonding and adhesive removal (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the increase in crack length (p = 0.166), crack number (p = 0.628), or ARI scores (p = 0.89).Conclusions
While orthodontic bracket debonding and adhesive removal significantly increase enamel cracking, the presence of an archwire and the type of tungsten carbide bur do not seem to affect the severity or pattern of crack formation. Therefore, clinical emphasis should be placed on careful debonding techniques and appropriate final polishing to minimize enamel damage.
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BibTeX
@article{bakhshi2026impact,
title = {{Impact of Archwire Presence and Adhesive Removal Techniques on Enamel Crack Formation During Orthodontic Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study.}},
author = {Samane Bakhshi and Reza Ghorbanipour and Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz and Seyedali Seyedmajidi and Maysam Mirzaie},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dental research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/cre2.70486},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42912043},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Impact of Archwire Presence and Adhesive Removal Techniques on Enamel Crack Formation During Orthodontic Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study.
AU - Samane Bakhshi
AU - Reza Ghorbanipour
AU - Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz
AU - Seyedali Seyedmajidi
AU - Maysam Mirzaie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Clinical and experimental dental research
DO - 10.1002/cre2.70486
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42912043
AB - Objectives Enamel cracks are a common complication following orthodontic bracket debonding and the removal of adhesives. This study investigated whether the presence of an archwire during debonding and the use of turbine (high-speed) versus angle (low-speed) tungsten carbide burs affect the number, length, or orientation of enamel cracks.Material and methods In this in vitro experimental study, 64 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 16): with or without an archwire during debonding, and adhesive removal using either a high-speed (turbine) or a low-speed (angle) tungsten carbide bur. Stereomicroscopic images were taken before bonding and after adhesive removal to assess the number, length, and direction of enamel cracks. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores were also recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05).Results All groups exhibited a statistically significant increase in both the number and length of enamel cracks following bracket debonding and adhesive removal (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the increase in crack length (p = 0.166), crack number (p = 0.628), or ARI scores (p = 0.89).Conclusions While orthodontic bracket debonding and adhesive removal significantly increase enamel cracking, the presence of an archwire and the type of tungsten carbide bur do not seem to affect the severity or pattern of crack formation. Therefore, clinical emphasis should be placed on careful debonding techniques and appropriate final polishing to minimize enamel damage.
SN - 2057-4347
ER -