Combining Systematic Effects in CMB Polarization Experiments through map-based simulations: application to LiteBIRD's HWP non-idealities and detectors non-linearity
Abstract
We quantify the impact of coupled instrumental systematics on next-generation CMB polarization experiments targeting primordial B-mode polarization, with a focus on the forthcoming \textit{LiteBIRD} satellite mission. We study the interplay between the non-linear response of Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers and Half-Wave Plate (HWP) non-idealities, in particular synchronous signals arising from differential emissivity. We develop a map-based formalism that captures the resulting intensity-to-polarization leakage by explicitly solving the binning map-making equations, avoiding the need for computationally expensive time-ordered data simulations. We apply this framework to \textit{LiteBIRD}, adopting its baseline scanning strategy and frequency configuration, and perform analyses at both single- and multi-frequency levels, including Galactic foregrounds and blind component separation. We find that while detector non-linearity and HWP non-idealities individually induce negligible bias on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, their coupling can generate non-trivial contamination, driven by large signals such as the solar dipole and amplified in high-frequency channels by foreground leakage. From these results, we derive joint requirements on detector non-linearity and HWP differential emission, and discuss their implications for the instrument design and calibration strategy of \textit{LiteBIRD} and future CMB polarization missions targeting r ≲ 10−3.
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BibTeX
@misc{micheli2026combining,
title = {{Combining Systematic Effects in CMB Polarization Experiments through map-based simulations: application to LiteBIRD's HWP non-idealities and detectors non-linearity}},
author = {Silvia Micheli and Francesco Piacentini and Tommaso Ghigna and Alessandro Carones and Alessandro Novelli and Giampaolo Pisano and Giulia Barbieri Ripamonti and Alessandro Coppolecchia and Paolo de Bernardis and Silvia Masi and Andrea Occhiuzzi and Alessandro Paiella and Simone Stellati},
howpublished = {HAL},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.00841},
eprint = {2609.00841},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05759087v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Combining Systematic Effects in CMB Polarization Experiments through map-based simulations: application to LiteBIRD's HWP non-idealities and detectors non-linearity
AU - Silvia Micheli
AU - Francesco Piacentini
AU - Tommaso Ghigna
AU - Alessandro Carones
AU - Alessandro Novelli
AU - Giampaolo Pisano
AU - Giulia Barbieri Ripamonti
AU - Alessandro Coppolecchia
AU - Paolo de Bernardis
AU - Silvia Masi
AU - Andrea Occhiuzzi
AU - Alessandro Paiella
AU - Simone Stellati
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - HAL
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.00841
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05759087v1
AB - We quantify the impact of coupled instrumental systematics on next-generation CMB polarization experiments targeting primordial B-mode polarization, with a focus on the forthcoming \textit{LiteBIRD} satellite mission. We study the interplay between the non-linear response of Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers and Half-Wave Plate (HWP) non-idealities, in particular synchronous signals arising from differential emissivity. We develop a map-based formalism that captures the resulting intensity-to-polarization leakage by explicitly solving the binning map-making equations, avoiding the need for computationally expensive time-ordered data simulations. We apply this framework to \textit{LiteBIRD}, adopting its baseline scanning strategy and frequency configuration, and perform analyses at both single- and multi-frequency levels, including Galactic foregrounds and blind component separation. We find that while detector non-linearity and HWP non-idealities individually induce negligible bias on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, their coupling can generate non-trivial contamination, driven by large signals such as the solar dipole and amplified in high-frequency channels by foreground leakage. From these results, we derive joint requirements on detector non-linearity and HWP differential emission, and discuss their implications for the instrument design and calibration strategy of \textit{LiteBIRD} and future CMB polarization missions targeting r ≲ 10^−3.
ER -