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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDNature Communications

Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice

  • Giulio Casali1,2
  • Camille Miermon1,2
  • Geoffrey Terral1,2
  • Pascal Ravassard1,2
  • Tim Gervois1,2
  • Tiphaine Dolique1,3
  • Evan R. Harrell1,2
  • Alena Spitsyn1,4
  • Edith Lesburguères1,2
  • David Jarriault5,6
  • Frédéric Gambino1,2
  • Nicolas Chenouard7,8
1 more authors
  • Lisa Roux9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
  2. 2Univ. of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297
  3. 3IINS - Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience / Institut interdisciplinaire de neurosciences [Bordeaux] (Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, CS 61292 CASE 130, 33076 Bordeaux cedex - France)
  4. 4Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 186
  5. 5Univ. of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
  6. 6Sorbonne University, INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau (ICM)
  7. 7Sorbonne Univ., INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, U1127, UMR 7225, Paris, France. [email protected]
  8. 8Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France. [email protected]
  9. 9Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France. [email protected]
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Abstract

Brain activity and breathing rate influence each other but it remains unclear how fine respiratory features vary across vigilance states. Using simultaneous nasal pressure and hippocampal local field potential recordings in freely-moving mice, we show that the position of respiratory pauses within breathing cycles distinguish Wake, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep states. Model-based predictions of vigilance states based on respiratory features perform well even on animals outside of the training set, suggesting the rules are generalized. Respiratory features underwent specific changes at state transitions, such as progressive elimination of pauses after inhalation foreshadowing REM. During NREM, respiratory changes predicted moment-to moment sigma power variations beyond movement-defined packets delineated by micro-arousals, as pauses after inhalation fragmented NREM sleep into ∼30s windows of high sigma power. Overall, our findings reveal that respiratory features structure the macro- and micro-architecture of sleep, opening new windows into brain states through respiration.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{casali2026respiratory,
  title = {{Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice}},
  author = {Giulio Casali and Camille Miermon and Geoffrey Terral and Pascal Ravassard and Tim Gervois and Tiphaine Dolique and Evan R. Harrell and Alena Spitsyn and Edith Lesburguères and David Jarriault and Frédéric Gambino and Nicolas Chenouard and Lisa Roux},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-73106-z},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73106-z},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice
AU  - Giulio Casali
AU  - Camille Miermon
AU  - Geoffrey Terral
AU  - Pascal Ravassard
AU  - Tim Gervois
AU  - Tiphaine Dolique
AU  - Evan R. Harrell
AU  - Alena Spitsyn
AU  - Edith Lesburguères
AU  - David Jarriault
AU  - Frédéric Gambino
AU  - Nicolas Chenouard
AU  - Lisa Roux
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/19
JO  - Nature Communications
DO  - 10.1038/s41467-026-73106-z
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73106-z
AB  - Brain activity and breathing rate influence each other but it remains unclear how fine respiratory features vary across vigilance states. Using simultaneous nasal pressure and hippocampal local field potential recordings in freely-moving mice, we show that the position of respiratory pauses within breathing cycles distinguish Wake, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep states. Model-based predictions of vigilance states based on respiratory features perform well even on animals outside of the training set, suggesting the rules are generalized. Respiratory features underwent specific changes at state transitions, such as progressive elimination of pauses after inhalation foreshadowing REM. During NREM, respiratory changes predicted moment-to moment sigma power variations beyond movement-defined packets delineated by micro-arousals, as pauses after inhalation fragmented NREM sleep into ∼30s windows of high sigma power. Overall, our findings reveal that respiratory features structure the macro- and micro-architecture of sleep, opening new windows into brain states through respiration.
SN  - 2041-1723
ER  -