Electron--phonon cooling noise in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Abstract
We study the electron--phonon heat-current fluctuations in monolayer and Bernal bilayer graphene coupled to longitudinal acoustic phonons. To do this, we construct a symmetric heat-current operator and evaluate the non-equilibrium current--current correlator at finite frequency for unequal electron and phonon temperatures. The heat-current vertices then involve the probe energy combined with twice the phonon energy, and the nonequilibrium spectral density must be calculated directly rather than inferred from a dynamic thermal fluctuation--dissipation relation. Further, we obtain full analytical expressions in the Bloch--Grüneisen (BG) and Equipartition (EP) regimes, derive their low-frequency limits, and compare them with a complete doped-intraband on-shell calculations for monolayer graphene. The numerical results connect the two temperature regimes and show how finite-frequency noise changes out of equilibrium. For representative parameters, the corrections become percent-level in the upper-gigahertz to sub-terahertz range. It is worth mentioning that in equilibrium, the results satisfy the zero-frequency thermal fluctuation--dissipation relation(FDT) and reproduce the well established cooling-power and thermal-conductance laws.
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BibTeX
@misc{haseeb2026electronphonon,
title = {{Electron--phonon cooling noise in monolayer and bilayer graphene}},
author = {Muhammad Waqas Haseeb and Edvin G. Idrisov},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.03316},
eprint = {2611.03316},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03316},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Electron--phonon cooling noise in monolayer and bilayer graphene
AU - Muhammad Waqas Haseeb
AU - Edvin G. Idrisov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.03316
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03316
AB - We study the electron--phonon heat-current fluctuations in monolayer and Bernal bilayer graphene coupled to longitudinal acoustic phonons. To do this, we construct a symmetric heat-current operator and evaluate the non-equilibrium current--current correlator at finite frequency for unequal electron and phonon temperatures. The heat-current vertices then involve the probe energy combined with twice the phonon energy, and the nonequilibrium spectral density must be calculated directly rather than inferred from a dynamic thermal fluctuation--dissipation relation. Further, we obtain full analytical expressions in the Bloch--Grüneisen (BG) and Equipartition (EP) regimes, derive their low-frequency limits, and compare them with a complete doped-intraband on-shell calculations for monolayer graphene. The numerical results connect the two temperature regimes and show how finite-frequency noise changes out of equilibrium. For representative parameters, the corrections become percent-level in the upper-gigahertz to sub-terahertz range. It is worth mentioning that in equilibrium, the results satisfy the zero-frequency thermal fluctuation--dissipation relation(FDT) and reproduce the well established cooling-power and thermal-conductance laws.
ER -