The WoKaS-Iso database: workflow for a global compilation of oxygen-18 and deuterium records in karst springs and cave drip water for enhanced understanding of karst systems
Abstract
For analysing karst hydrogeological systems, observations of karst springs and cave drips are considered indispensable. In addition to hydrometric observations, knowing the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios has improved the understanding of vadose zone and aquifer dynamics, likewise supporting system characterisation and modelling. However, limited accessibility and high costs of the analysis of stable isotopes in karst aquifers have hindered progress in karst research and impeded the accurate understanding of karst processes especially when it comes to comparative or large-scale studies. In this study, we present our workflow to compile the WoKaS-Iso database, the first extensive collection of time series data for Oxygen-18 and Deuterium isotopes in karst springs and cave drip water from diverse sources, encompassing publications, theses, reports, online archives, and collaborative initiatives worldwide. The database incorporates data sourced from 241 springs and 74 caves, of which 73 caves contain 365 individual drip sites and one cave contains input data only. In total, the database comprises 1007 time series, including 389 spring time series and 618 cave drip water time series. The compiled isotope records span the period from 1967 to 2024, with the strongest temporal coverage during the 2010s and continuing coverage into the early 2020s. Of these sites, 148 springs and 64 caves contain both δ 18 O and δ 2 H records, while 93 springs and 9 caves contain only one isotope tracer. These datasets provide coverage across significant karst regions globally, spanning China, the USA, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia.
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BibTeX
@article{zang2026wokasiso,
title = {{The WoKaS-Iso database: workflow for a global compilation of oxygen-18 and deuterium records in karst springs and cave drip water for enhanced understanding of karst systems}},
author = {Yining Zang and Pauline C Treble and Kei Yoshimura and Jayson Gabriel Pinza and Fengbo Zhang and Kübra Özdemir Çallı and Xiaojun Mei and Admin Husic and Alena Gessert and Andrej Stroj and Bartolomé Andreo and Bernard Ladouche and Christine Stumpp and Diana Mance and Eleni Zagana and Fen Huang and Giuseppe Sappa and Harald Kunstmann and Heike Brielmann and Hong Zhou and Huaying Wu and Jakob Garvelmann and James Berglund and Jean-Baptiste Charlier and Jens Lange and Juan Antonio and Barberá Fornell and Junbing Pu and Konstantina Katsanou and Kun Ren and Laura Toran and Laurence Gill and Maria Filippini and Martin Kralik and Matías Mudarra Martínez and Min Zhao and Mingming Luo and Nico Goldscheider and Nikolaos Lambrakis and Pantaleone de Vita and Qiong Xiao and Shi Yu and Silvia Iacurto and Silvio Coda and Ted Mccormack and Vincenzo Allocca and W. George Darling and Walter d'Alessandro and Xulei Guo and Yundi Hu and Zhijun Wang and Eva Kaminsky and Jiří Faimon and Marek Lang and Pavel Pracný and Aurel Persoiu and Andreas Hartmann},
journal = {Earth System Science Data},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.25532/opara-909},
url = {https://brgm.hal.science/hal-05784137v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - The WoKaS-Iso database: workflow for a global compilation of oxygen-18 and deuterium records in karst springs and cave drip water for enhanced understanding of karst systems
AU - Yining Zang
AU - Pauline C Treble
AU - Kei Yoshimura
AU - Jayson Gabriel Pinza
AU - Fengbo Zhang
AU - Kübra Özdemir Çallı
AU - Xiaojun Mei
AU - Admin Husic
AU - Alena Gessert
AU - Andrej Stroj
AU - Bartolomé Andreo
AU - Bernard Ladouche
AU - Christine Stumpp
AU - Diana Mance
AU - Eleni Zagana
AU - Fen Huang
AU - Giuseppe Sappa
AU - Harald Kunstmann
AU - Heike Brielmann
AU - Hong Zhou
AU - Huaying Wu
AU - Jakob Garvelmann
AU - James Berglund
AU - Jean-Baptiste Charlier
AU - Jens Lange
AU - Juan Antonio
AU - Barberá Fornell
AU - Junbing Pu
AU - Konstantina Katsanou
AU - Kun Ren
AU - Laura Toran
AU - Laurence Gill
AU - Maria Filippini
AU - Martin Kralik
AU - Matías Mudarra Martínez
AU - Min Zhao
AU - Mingming Luo
AU - Nico Goldscheider
AU - Nikolaos Lambrakis
AU - Pantaleone de Vita
AU - Qiong Xiao
AU - Shi Yu
AU - Silvia Iacurto
AU - Silvio Coda
AU - Ted Mccormack
AU - Vincenzo Allocca
AU - W. George Darling
AU - Walter d'Alessandro
AU - Xulei Guo
AU - Yundi Hu
AU - Zhijun Wang
AU - Eva Kaminsky
AU - Jiří Faimon
AU - Marek Lang
AU - Pavel Pracný
AU - Aurel Persoiu
AU - Andreas Hartmann
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Earth System Science Data
DO - 10.25532/opara-909
UR - https://brgm.hal.science/hal-05784137v1
AB - For analysing karst hydrogeological systems, observations of karst springs and cave drips are considered indispensable. In addition to hydrometric observations, knowing the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios has improved the understanding of vadose zone and aquifer dynamics, likewise supporting system characterisation and modelling. However, limited accessibility and high costs of the analysis of stable isotopes in karst aquifers have hindered progress in karst research and impeded the accurate understanding of karst processes especially when it comes to comparative or large-scale studies. In this study, we present our workflow to compile the WoKaS-Iso database, the first extensive collection of time series data for Oxygen-18 and Deuterium isotopes in karst springs and cave drip water from diverse sources, encompassing publications, theses, reports, online archives, and collaborative initiatives worldwide. The database incorporates data sourced from 241 springs and 74 caves, of which 73 caves contain 365 individual drip sites and one cave contains input data only. In total, the database comprises 1007 time series, including 389 spring time series and 618 cave drip water time series. The compiled isotope records span the period from 1967 to 2024, with the strongest temporal coverage during the 2010s and continuing coverage into the early 2020s. Of these sites, 148 springs and 64 caves contain both δ 18 O and δ 2 H records, while 93 springs and 9 caves contain only one isotope tracer. These datasets provide coverage across significant karst regions globally, spanning China, the USA, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia.
SN - 1866-3508
SN - 1866-3516
ER -