Organellar Genome Analysis of the Red Alga Acrosorium flabellatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae): Evidence of Gene Duplication and Group II Intron in cox1 Gene.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
- 2School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
- 3Marine Eco-Technology Institute, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea.
- 4Faculty of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka 422-8017, Japan.
- 5Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
- 6Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) offer important information about evolutionary history, genomic diversity, and structural dynamics of Rhodophytes. The complete mitochondrial genome of Acrosorium flabellatum Yamada, 1930 (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales), is reported in this study. The circular mitogenome spans 31,818 bp and has a biased A+T (78.8%) composition. The mitogenome contains 61 genes, including two rRNAs, 33 tRNAs, 24 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two open reading frames (ORFs). Notably, the mitogenome contains several duplicated genes (nad6, sdh3, sdh2) and a Group II intron within the cox1 gene, suggesting continued intron mobility and structural expansion within Delesseriaceae. Codon usage indicated a strong preference for AT-rich codons, and intergenic regions were compact. A majority of PCGs showed positive GC skewness and negative AT skewness, reflecting conserved nucleotide bias across Ceramiales. Comparative analysis within the Ceramiales revealed lineage-specific differences in genome size, gene arrangement, gene content, with A. flabellatum revealing clear features of duplication and gene loss (sdh4, rps3). Several structural rearrangements, including gene order, presence of the Group II intron and ORFs, further support dynamic mitogenome evolution within Delesseriaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 23 conserved PCGs strongly supported the monophyly of Ceramiales and placed A. flabellatum within the Delesseriaceae clade with high bootstrap support. Overall, this study enriches the genomic resources of red algae, and sheds light on the comparative patterns of mitogenome structure within the Ceramiales. The mitogenome of A. flabellatum shows both conserved and dynamic features within this diverse red algal lineage.
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BibTeX
@article{patil2026organellar,
title = {{Organellar Genome Analysis of the Red Alga Acrosorium flabellatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae): Evidence of Gene Duplication and Group II Intron in cox1 Gene.}},
author = {Maheshkumar Prakash Patil and Jeong Gyu Kim and Young-Ryun Kim and Kyeongmin Kim and Pradip Vitthal Hirapure and Jong-Oh Kim and Kyunghoi Kim},
journal = {Genes},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/genes17101268},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938384},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Organellar Genome Analysis of the Red Alga Acrosorium flabellatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae): Evidence of Gene Duplication and Group II Intron in cox1 Gene.
AU - Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
AU - Jeong Gyu Kim
AU - Young-Ryun Kim
AU - Kyeongmin Kim
AU - Pradip Vitthal Hirapure
AU - Jong-Oh Kim
AU - Kyunghoi Kim
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/12
JO - Genes
DO - 10.3390/genes17101268
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938384
AB - Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) offer important information about evolutionary history, genomic diversity, and structural dynamics of Rhodophytes. The complete mitochondrial genome of Acrosorium flabellatum Yamada, 1930 (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales), is reported in this study. The circular mitogenome spans 31,818 bp and has a biased A+T (78.8%) composition. The mitogenome contains 61 genes, including two rRNAs, 33 tRNAs, 24 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two open reading frames (ORFs). Notably, the mitogenome contains several duplicated genes (nad6, sdh3, sdh2) and a Group II intron within the cox1 gene, suggesting continued intron mobility and structural expansion within Delesseriaceae. Codon usage indicated a strong preference for AT-rich codons, and intergenic regions were compact. A majority of PCGs showed positive GC skewness and negative AT skewness, reflecting conserved nucleotide bias across Ceramiales. Comparative analysis within the Ceramiales revealed lineage-specific differences in genome size, gene arrangement, gene content, with A. flabellatum revealing clear features of duplication and gene loss (sdh4, rps3). Several structural rearrangements, including gene order, presence of the Group II intron and ORFs, further support dynamic mitogenome evolution within Delesseriaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 23 conserved PCGs strongly supported the monophyly of Ceramiales and placed A. flabellatum within the Delesseriaceae clade with high bootstrap support. Overall, this study enriches the genomic resources of red algae, and sheds light on the comparative patterns of mitogenome structure within the Ceramiales. The mitogenome of A. flabellatum shows both conserved and dynamic features within this diverse red algal lineage.
SN - 2073-4425
ER -