Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E status prior to COPD- or cardiovascular-related death: a nationwide study.
6 affiliations
- 1Airways Unit, Department of Respiratory Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- 2Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, Toulouse, France.
- 3Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science (CRISALIS) French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Toulouse, France.
- 4Health Economics Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- 5Inserm-UMR 1295 - Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), Toulouse University, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- 6Methodology, Data Management and Statistical Analysis Unit, Clinical Investigation Center 1436, Medical Pharmacology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
Abstract
Background
COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. However, little is known about the characteristics of patients who die from COPD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between change or persistence in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E (GOLD-E) status over time and COPD- and cardiovascular (CV)-related death.Methods
Patients with COPD were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes in the French national health insurance database. Patients who died from COPD or CV diseases between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022 were matched with living COPD patients. We performed a case-control analysis to compare the impact of the change in GOLD-E status between two periods: 13-24 months (period 2 (2026)) and 0-12 months (period 1 (2025)) prior to death or the index date.Results
A total of 500 673 COPD patients died during the study period. Of these, 67 250 died from COPD and 41 585 from CV events. Of the patients whose deaths were COPD related, the proportion of patients with GOLD-E 2026 status increased between the two periods (58.3% versus 79.2%), but decreased in their matched living controls (58.3% versus 36.9%). Of the patients with GOLD-E 2026 status during period 2, becoming and remaining GOLD-E 2026 within their final 12 months was associated with COPD-related death (odds ratios 5.40 (95% CI 5.03-5.79) and 4.16 (95% CI 3.87-4.48), respectively; p<0.0001).Interpretation
These data demonstrate that being GOLD-E for 2 years in a row is associated with a high risk of COPD-related death, of the same magnitude as being GOLD-E for 1 year.
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BibTeX
@article{guilleminault2026global,
title = {{Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E status prior to COPD- or cardiovascular-related death: a nationwide study.}},
author = {Laurent Guilleminault and Michael Mounié and Agnès Sommet and Nadège Costa and Axel Renoux and Margaux Lafaurie},
journal = {ERJ open research},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00442-2026},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43011938},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E status prior to COPD- or cardiovascular-related death: a nationwide study.
AU - Laurent Guilleminault
AU - Michael Mounié
AU - Agnès Sommet
AU - Nadège Costa
AU - Axel Renoux
AU - Margaux Lafaurie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/09
JO - ERJ open research
DO - 10.1183/23120541.00442-2026
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43011938
AB - Background COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. However, little is known about the characteristics of patients who die from COPD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between change or persistence in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E (GOLD-E) status over time and COPD- and cardiovascular (CV)-related death.Methods Patients with COPD were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes in the French national health insurance database. Patients who died from COPD or CV diseases between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022 were matched with living COPD patients. We performed a case-control analysis to compare the impact of the change in GOLD-E status between two periods: 13-24 months (period 2 (2026)) and 0-12 months (period 1 (2025)) prior to death or the index date.Results A total of 500 673 COPD patients died during the study period. Of these, 67 250 died from COPD and 41 585 from CV events. Of the patients whose deaths were COPD related, the proportion of patients with GOLD-E 2026 status increased between the two periods (58.3% versus 79.2%), but decreased in their matched living controls (58.3% versus 36.9%). Of the patients with GOLD-E 2026 status during period 2, becoming and remaining GOLD-E 2026 within their final 12 months was associated with COPD-related death (odds ratios 5.40 (95% CI 5.03-5.79) and 4.16 (95% CI 3.87-4.48), respectively; p<0.0001).Interpretation These data demonstrate that being GOLD-E for 2 years in a row is associated with a high risk of COPD-related death, of the same magnitude as being GOLD-E for 1 year.
SN - 2312-0541
ER -