Influence of surface-conditioning strategies on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated with milling and 3D-printing.
- 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate how various surface-conditioning strategies and thermal aging affect the shear bond strength (SBS) of aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated through different techniques.Materials and methods
A total of 208 rectangular frameworks were fabricated by computer numerical control (CNC) and lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) techniques. The specimens were randomly allocated into 4 groups according to the surface-conditioning strategy applied on the veneering surface: no surface conditioning (C), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), tribochemical silica-coating (TSC), and grinding (GRD). Surface topographies were scrutinized under a scanning electron microscope, surface roughness (Ra) was measured, and the SBS test was performed. Failure patterns were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).Results
Three-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of fabrication technique, surface-conditioning, and thermal aging (P < .001 for all) on SBS, with no significant three-way interaction (P = .225). LCM showed higher SBS than CNC (24.02 vs 22.04 MPa), TSC yielded the highest value (32.28 MPa), and aging reduced overall SBS from 27.20 to 18.85 MPa. Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of fabrication technique and surface-conditioning on Ra, with significant interaction between them (P < .001 for all).Conclusion
Surface-conditioning strategy had the greatest influence on zirconia-veneer bond performance, with TSC producing the highest SBS values regardless of fabrication technique. Although LCM exhibited statistically higher SBS values than CNC, this difference was modest and both techniques demonstrated comparable bond performance from a practical perspective. LCM specimens also exhibited higher surface roughness than CNC specimens.
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BibTeX
@article{cakır2026influence,
title = {{Influence of surface-conditioning strategies on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated with milling and 3D-printing.}},
author = {Selin Çakır and Özay Önöral},
journal = {The journal of advanced prosthodontics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.4047/jap.2026.18.5.420},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948551},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Influence of surface-conditioning strategies on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated with milling and 3D-printing.
AU - Selin Çakır
AU - Özay Önöral
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - The journal of advanced prosthodontics
DO - 10.4047/jap.2026.18.5.420
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948551
AB - Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate how various surface-conditioning strategies and thermal aging affect the shear bond strength (SBS) of aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated through different techniques.Materials and methods A total of 208 rectangular frameworks were fabricated by computer numerical control (CNC) and lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) techniques. The specimens were randomly allocated into 4 groups according to the surface-conditioning strategy applied on the veneering surface: no surface conditioning (C), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), tribochemical silica-coating (TSC), and grinding (GRD). Surface topographies were scrutinized under a scanning electron microscope, surface roughness (Ra) was measured, and the SBS test was performed. Failure patterns were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).Results Three-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of fabrication technique, surface-conditioning, and thermal aging (P < .001 for all) on SBS, with no significant three-way interaction (P = .225). LCM showed higher SBS than CNC (24.02 vs 22.04 MPa), TSC yielded the highest value (32.28 MPa), and aging reduced overall SBS from 27.20 to 18.85 MPa. Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of fabrication technique and surface-conditioning on Ra, with significant interaction between them (P < .001 for all).Conclusion Surface-conditioning strategy had the greatest influence on zirconia-veneer bond performance, with TSC producing the highest SBS values regardless of fabrication technique. Although LCM exhibited statistically higher SBS values than CNC, this difference was modest and both techniques demonstrated comparable bond performance from a practical perspective. LCM specimens also exhibited higher surface roughness than CNC specimens.
SN - 2005-7806
SN - 2005-7814
ER -