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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Nonlocal, nonlinear electrostatics: like-charge attraction and asymmetric solvation

  • V. Stepanyan
  • Y. Sh. Mamasakhlisov
  • A. E. Allahverdyan
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Abstract

We study an equilibrium system, where linear molecules with a rigid charge distribution interact via the mean-field generated by the Coulomb coupling. We focus on the nonlinear regime, which is valid close to external charges immersed in the system. The finite molecular size in this regime leads to a nonlocal response at short distances. First, we show that the mean-field potential is non-monotonic, i.e., like charges can attract each other. Second, we show that the polarization induced by an external charge (and hence its solvation structure) depends on the sign of this charge, violating the effective C-symmetry of the macroscopic electrodynamics. We identify several scenarios of this effect, characterize it with the free energy and entropy differences, and compare it with analogous effects in asymmetric electrolytes described by nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{stepanyan2026nonlocal,
  title = {{Nonlocal, nonlinear electrostatics: like-charge attraction and asymmetric solvation}},
  author = {V. Stepanyan and Y. Sh. Mamasakhlisov and A. E. Allahverdyan},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.02849},
  eprint = {2610.02849},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02849},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Nonlocal, nonlinear electrostatics: like-charge attraction and asymmetric solvation
AU  - V. Stepanyan
AU  - Y. Sh. Mamasakhlisov
AU  - A. E. Allahverdyan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.02849
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02849
AB  - We study an equilibrium system, where linear molecules with a rigid charge distribution interact via the mean-field generated by the Coulomb coupling. We focus on the nonlinear regime, which is valid close to external charges immersed in the system. The finite molecular size in this regime leads to a nonlocal response at short distances. First, we show that the mean-field potential is non-monotonic, i.e., like charges can attract each other. Second, we show that the polarization induced by an external charge (and hence its solvation structure) depends on the sign of this charge, violating the effective C-symmetry of the macroscopic electrodynamics. We identify several scenarios of this effect, characterize it with the free energy and entropy differences, and compare it with analogous effects in asymmetric electrolytes described by nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations.
ER  -