Hawking Radiation in non-Hermitian Microscopic Analogues
Abstract
Non-Hermitian systems have recently emerged as a convenient platform to realize black-hole physics. Here, we propose a microscopic open quantum system, namely a fermionic tight-binding chain coupled to Markovian reservoirs, which emulates black-hole properties. The resulting quadratic Lindbladian admits an effective non-Hermitian limit that produces a gain and loss lattice model with a non-reciprocal next-nearest-neighbor hopping. The rapidity spectrum of the full Lindbladian forms tilted exceptional cones that define an effective Painlevé-Gullstrand geometry and separates into black-hole and white-hole sectors, while steady-state particle densities and currents retain clear signatures at the horizon positions. We then analyze the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that arise from the microscopic quantum system. The biorthogonal flux identifies the outgoing exterior and interior channels. Finally, we introduce a fermionic Gaussian Nambu extension and formulate Hawking-pair witnesses through frequency-resolved scattering, nonlocal density-density correlations, and anomalous Hawking-partner amplitudes. The resulting correlations display analogue Hawking radiation signatures, while the frequency-resolved Hawking-partner correlations satisfy the fermionic covariance-positivity constraint. These results establish a connection between microscopic open-system dynamics, emergent non-Hermitian geometry, and fermionic many-body probes of analogue Hawking radiation.
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BibTeX
@misc{munozarboleda2026hawking,
title = {{Hawking Radiation in non-Hermitian Microscopic Analogues}},
author = {Diego F. Munoz-Arboleda and Cristiane Morais Smith and Marcus Stålhammar},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.05632},
eprint = {2609.05632},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05632},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hawking Radiation in non-Hermitian Microscopic Analogues
AU - Diego F. Munoz-Arboleda
AU - Cristiane Morais Smith
AU - Marcus Stålhammar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/04
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.05632
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05632
AB - Non-Hermitian systems have recently emerged as a convenient platform to realize black-hole physics. Here, we propose a microscopic open quantum system, namely a fermionic tight-binding chain coupled to Markovian reservoirs, which emulates black-hole properties. The resulting quadratic Lindbladian admits an effective non-Hermitian limit that produces a gain and loss lattice model with a non-reciprocal next-nearest-neighbor hopping. The rapidity spectrum of the full Lindbladian forms tilted exceptional cones that define an effective Painlevé-Gullstrand geometry and separates into black-hole and white-hole sectors, while steady-state particle densities and currents retain clear signatures at the horizon positions. We then analyze the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that arise from the microscopic quantum system. The biorthogonal flux identifies the outgoing exterior and interior channels. Finally, we introduce a fermionic Gaussian Nambu extension and formulate Hawking-pair witnesses through frequency-resolved scattering, nonlocal density-density correlations, and anomalous Hawking-partner amplitudes. The resulting correlations display analogue Hawking radiation signatures, while the frequency-resolved Hawking-partner correlations satisfy the fermionic covariance-positivity constraint. These results establish a connection between microscopic open-system dynamics, emergent non-Hermitian geometry, and fermionic many-body probes of analogue Hawking radiation.
ER -