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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of clinical medicine

Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight in the Minimally Invasive Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review

  • Maja Kosińska1
  • Maciej Chęciński2,3
  • Wojciech Macek1
  • Klaudia Kwiatkowska2
  • Karolina Grzybowska-Kowalczyk4
  • Tomasz Horodniczy5
  • Amelia Hoppe1
  • Julia Kasprzycka6
  • Oliwia Jagiełło7
  • Zuzanna Baniak8
  • Kamila Chęcińska2
  • Maciej Sikora2,3,9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Cracow, Poland
  2. 2National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
  3. 3Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland
  4. 4Uśmiech Family Dental Clinic, Nastrojowa 26, 91-496 Łódź, Poland
  5. 5Ortho.pl Dental Office, Buforowa 34, 52-131 Wrocław, Poland
  6. 6Miodowa Clinic, Głowaccy Medical and Dental Practice Professional Partnership, Kiekrz, Miodowa 2, 62-090 Rokietnica, Poland
  7. 7Gabinety Lekarskie Dent-im M.B. Pawelczyk Spółka Jawna, Różana 13/1, 61-577 Poznań, Poland
  8. 8Stomatologia Centrum, Moniuszki 3/7, 32-020 Wieliczka, Poland
  9. 9Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: This scoping review mapped how hyaluronic acid (HA) molecular weight has been defined and investigated in direct clinical comparisons for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), including formulations, populations, procedures, outcomes, and methodological limitations. Methods: Final searches and selection were completed on 9 September 2026 using PubMed, BASE, CENTRAL, and Europe PMC. Prospective human studies comparing different intra-articular HA preparations under the same procedural protocol were eligible, including matched comparisons within multi-arm studies. Two reviewers independently screened and charted the evidence. Findings were synthesized descriptively without meta-analysis or formal risk-of-bias assessment. The protocol was registered in OSF (osf.io/sc8wv). Results: Five reports were included: three quasi-randomized trials and two prospective studies with sequential or unreported allocation between HA formulations. Four reported efficacy comparisons; one contributed safety data only after swelling and marked pain in 2 of 5 recipients prompted discontinuation of a high-molecular-weight arm. Molecular-weight categories overlapped across reports, formulation characteristics were incompletely reported, and protocols varied from one to five injections with differing use of arthrocentesis. Comparative follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months. No eligible efficacy comparison detected a statistically significant difference, but small samples, allocation limitations, and incomplete subgroup reporting restricted interpretation. Conclusions: The evidence map identifies inconsistent formulation classification, procedural heterogeneity, and deficiencies in outcome and safety reporting as barriers to interpretation. It does not establish equivalence, superiority, or comparative safety of molecular-weight categories and provides specific priorities for future studies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kosinska2026hyaluronic,
  title = {{Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight in the Minimally Invasive Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review}},
  author = {Maja Kosińska and Maciej Chęciński and Wojciech Macek and Klaudia Kwiatkowska and Karolina Grzybowska-Kowalczyk and Tomasz Horodniczy and Amelia Hoppe and Julia Kasprzycka and Oliwia Jagiełło and Zuzanna Baniak and Kamila Chęcińska and Maciej Sikora},
  journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3390/jcm15197597},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666161},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight in the Minimally Invasive Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review
AU  - Maja Kosińska
AU  - Maciej Chęciński
AU  - Wojciech Macek
AU  - Klaudia Kwiatkowska
AU  - Karolina Grzybowska-Kowalczyk
AU  - Tomasz Horodniczy
AU  - Amelia Hoppe
AU  - Julia Kasprzycka
AU  - Oliwia Jagiełło
AU  - Zuzanna Baniak
AU  - Kamila Chęcińska
AU  - Maciej Sikora
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Journal of clinical medicine
DO  - 10.3390/jcm15197597
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666161
AB  - Background/Objectives: This scoping review mapped how hyaluronic acid (HA) molecular weight has been defined and investigated in direct clinical comparisons for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), including formulations, populations, procedures, outcomes, and methodological limitations. Methods: Final searches and selection were completed on 9 September 2026 using PubMed, BASE, CENTRAL, and Europe PMC. Prospective human studies comparing different intra-articular HA preparations under the same procedural protocol were eligible, including matched comparisons within multi-arm studies. Two reviewers independently screened and charted the evidence. Findings were synthesized descriptively without meta-analysis or formal risk-of-bias assessment. The protocol was registered in OSF (osf.io/sc8wv). Results: Five reports were included: three quasi-randomized trials and two prospective studies with sequential or unreported allocation between HA formulations. Four reported efficacy comparisons; one contributed safety data only after swelling and marked pain in 2 of 5 recipients prompted discontinuation of a high-molecular-weight arm. Molecular-weight categories overlapped across reports, formulation characteristics were incompletely reported, and protocols varied from one to five injections with differing use of arthrocentesis. Comparative follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months. No eligible efficacy comparison detected a statistically significant difference, but small samples, allocation limitations, and incomplete subgroup reporting restricted interpretation. Conclusions: The evidence map identifies inconsistent formulation classification, procedural heterogeneity, and deficiencies in outcome and safety reporting as barriers to interpretation. It does not establish equivalence, superiority, or comparative safety of molecular-weight categories and provides specific priorities for future studies.
SN  - 2077-0383
ER  -