Synthesis of the tethered balloon system and other TRACER campaign measurements elucidates aerosol property profiles
- 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Richland, United States of America)
Abstract
Coastal urban environments exhibit strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity in aerosol properties, complicating process-level understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions. This study analyzes tethered balloon system (TBS) measurements from 149 flights during summer over the greater Houston, Texas, region as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Tracking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) campaign. We characterized the vertical structure of aerosol number concentrations, size distributions, and inferred cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Air mass history was classified using back-trajectory analysis and k -means clustering into three clusters: (1) marine-influenced, (2) mixed marine and urban emissions, and (3) urban/anthropogenic and long-range transported aerosols. CCN concentrations are estimated from observed size distributions using κ -Köhler theory. The resulting profiles show pronounced vertical variability across clusters, strongly modulated by boundary-layer depth and coastal circulations, leading to substantial variability in the aerosol population available for cloud activation. The marine cluster showed the lowest concentrations, with CCN at 0.8 % supersaturation below 1000 cm ⁻³ , while urban and mixed clusters displayed higher concentrations and more complex layering. Profiles influenced by the mixed marine–urban cluster frequently exhibit decoupling between near-surface aerosol and elevated layers, including enhanced accumulation-mode number aloft, consistent with prior TBS-based compositional studies. A 6–7 September 2022 case study demonstrates that mesoscale transport can simultaneously transform the thermodynamic environment and the aerosol population, highlighting the importance of constraining boundary-layer dynamics and airmass origins before attributing cloud changes to aerosol effects in complex coastal environments.
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BibTeX
@article{mei2026synthesis,
title = {{Synthesis of the tethered balloon system and other TRACER campaign measurements elucidates aerosol property profiles}},
author = {Fan Mei and Jian Wang and Israel Silber and Nurun Nahar Lata and Gregory W. Vandergrift and Jing Li and Bo Chen and Sarah D. Brooks and Michael P. Jensen and Min Deng and Damao Zhang and Darielle Dexheimer and Beat Schmid and Zezhen Cheng and Swarup China},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.5194/acp-26-13885-2026},
url = {https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/13885/2026/},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Synthesis of the tethered balloon system and other TRACER campaign measurements elucidates aerosol property profiles
AU - Fan Mei
AU - Jian Wang
AU - Israel Silber
AU - Nurun Nahar Lata
AU - Gregory W. Vandergrift
AU - Jing Li
AU - Bo Chen
AU - Sarah D. Brooks
AU - Michael P. Jensen
AU - Min Deng
AU - Damao Zhang
AU - Darielle Dexheimer
AU - Beat Schmid
AU - Zezhen Cheng
AU - Swarup China
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
DO - 10.5194/acp-26-13885-2026
UR - https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/13885/2026/
AB - Coastal urban environments exhibit strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity in aerosol properties, complicating process-level understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions. This study analyzes tethered balloon system (TBS) measurements from 149 flights during summer over the greater Houston, Texas, region as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Tracking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) campaign. We characterized the vertical structure of aerosol number concentrations, size distributions, and inferred cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Air mass history was classified using back-trajectory analysis and k -means clustering into three clusters: (1) marine-influenced, (2) mixed marine and urban emissions, and (3) urban/anthropogenic and long-range transported aerosols. CCN concentrations are estimated from observed size distributions using κ -Köhler theory. The resulting profiles show pronounced vertical variability across clusters, strongly modulated by boundary-layer depth and coastal circulations, leading to substantial variability in the aerosol population available for cloud activation. The marine cluster showed the lowest concentrations, with CCN at 0.8 % supersaturation below 1000 cm ⁻³ , while urban and mixed clusters displayed higher concentrations and more complex layering. Profiles influenced by the mixed marine–urban cluster frequently exhibit decoupling between near-surface aerosol and elevated layers, including enhanced accumulation-mode number aloft, consistent with prior TBS-based compositional studies. A 6–7 September 2022 case study demonstrates that mesoscale transport can simultaneously transform the thermodynamic environment and the aerosol population, highlighting the importance of constraining boundary-layer dynamics and airmass origins before attributing cloud changes to aerosol effects in complex coastal environments.
SN - 1680-7324
ER -