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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Yonsei Medical Journal

Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on Diabetes Awareness among Koreans: 2010–2023 Korea Community Health Surveys

  • Horim A. Hwang1
  • Hyunsuk Jeong1
  • Jung-Wan Koo2
  • Hun-Sung Kim3
  • Sanghyuk Bae1
  • Sun Jae Jung4
  • Hyeon Woo Yim1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea .
  2. 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea .
  3. 3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea .
  4. 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .
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Abstract

Purpose: While increasing age is known to be associated with a greater prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, or diabetes awareness, period and cohort effects on diabetes awareness remains unclear. We estimated the age-period-cohort effects on diabetes awareness among community-dwelling Koreans using a mechanism-based approach.

Materials and Methods: Data from 3208979 2010–2023 Korea Community Health Survey participants were used for analysis. Age was grouped at 2-year intervals (19–20 to 99–100), period at 1-year intervals (2010 to 2023), and cohort at 5-year intervals (1910–1914 to 2000–2004). Diabetes awareness was defined as the self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes. Subgroup analyses stratified by household income, body mass index (BMI), sex, and region of residence were conducted. Sensitivity analyses with alternative age and cohort intervals and an analysis using the 2010–2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) diabetes prevalence data were conducted.

Results: Age effect increased significantly after 40, peaking at the 77–78 interval [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.45–10.44]. Period effect was significantly higher since 2011, peaking in 2023 (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43–1.54). Cohort effect was significant in 1935–1959 (aORs 1.14–1.33) and 1985–2004 (aORs 1.12–1.35). The participants with high household income showed significant cohort effect in older generations, and the participants with low household income showed significant cohort effect in younger generations. The participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 showed significant cohort effect in younger generations. Analyses using different categorization intervals showed consistent results. Sensitivity analyses using KNHANES showed consistent age and period effects.

Conclusion: Age, cohort, and period effects significantly influenced diagnosed diabetes prevalence in the Korean community.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hwang2026ageperiodcohort,
  title = {{Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on Diabetes Awareness among Koreans: 2010–2023 Korea Community Health Surveys}},
  author = {Horim A. Hwang and Hyunsuk Jeong and Jung-Wan Koo and Hun-Sung Kim and Sanghyuk Bae and Sun Jae Jung and Hyeon Woo Yim},
  journal = {Yonsei Medical Journal},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.3349/ymj.2025.0645},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2025.0645},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on Diabetes Awareness among Koreans: 2010–2023 Korea Community Health Surveys
AU  - Horim A. Hwang
AU  - Hyunsuk Jeong
AU  - Jung-Wan Koo
AU  - Hun-Sung Kim
AU  - Sanghyuk Bae
AU  - Sun Jae Jung
AU  - Hyeon Woo Yim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/26
JO  - Yonsei Medical Journal
DO  - 10.3349/ymj.2025.0645
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2025.0645
AB  - Purpose: While increasing age is known to be associated with a greater prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, or diabetes awareness, period and cohort effects on diabetes awareness remains unclear. We estimated the age-period-cohort effects on diabetes awareness among community-dwelling Koreans using a mechanism-based approach.  Materials and Methods: Data from 3208979 2010–2023 Korea Community Health Survey participants were used for analysis. Age was grouped at 2-year intervals (19–20 to 99–100), period at 1-year intervals (2010 to 2023), and cohort at 5-year intervals (1910–1914 to 2000–2004). Diabetes awareness was defined as the self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes. Subgroup analyses stratified by household income, body mass index (BMI), sex, and region of residence were conducted. Sensitivity analyses with alternative age and cohort intervals and an analysis using the 2010–2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) diabetes prevalence data were conducted.  Results: Age effect increased significantly after 40, peaking at the 77–78 interval [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.45–10.44]. Period effect was significantly higher since 2011, peaking in 2023 (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43–1.54). Cohort effect was significant in 1935–1959 (aORs 1.14–1.33) and 1985–2004 (aORs 1.12–1.35). The participants with high household income showed significant cohort effect in older generations, and the participants with low household income showed significant cohort effect in younger generations. The participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 showed significant cohort effect in younger generations. Analyses using different categorization intervals showed consistent results. Sensitivity analyses using KNHANES showed consistent age and period effects.  Conclusion: Age, cohort, and period effects significantly influenced diagnosed diabetes prevalence in the Korean community.
SN  - 0513-5796
SN  - 1976-2437
ER  -