Association between sleep patterns and diagnosed chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in China
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a globally prevalent and progressive health condition, with increasing evidence indicating a significant association between sleep quality and renal health. This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep quality and the development of CKD and to assess how various sleep characteristics influence renal health.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included participants aged 30–79 years from 10 districts within the China Kadoorie Biobank. Sleep quality was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire that covered seven parameters, including delayed/disrupted sleep, waking early, sleep medication, daytime sleepiness, naps, snoring, and total sleep duration. Different sleep patterns were identified by k-prototype clustering analysis. Survival analysis and relative weight analysis (RWA) were employed to investigate the associations between sleep disturbances and the incidence of diagnosed CKD.
Results: Cluster analysis revealed three distinct sleep patterns. Compared with the Cluster1 (optimal sleep), Cluster 2 (frequent napping/snoring) (HR = 1.103, 95% CI: 1.027–1.185, p = 0.007) and Cluster 3 (short and fragmented sleep) (HR = 1.210, 95% CI: 1.129–1.297, p < 0.001) patterns were associated with a significantly increased risk of diagnosed CKD. However, after propensity score matching (PSM), the association for Cluster 2 was attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas the association for Cluster 3 remained robust. Of the seven sleep parameters, the top three contributors to diagnosed CKD risk were in order of importance as follows: snoring (RW = 2.59E-04, RS-RW = 55.49%, p < 0.05), total sleep duration (RW = 1.09E-04, RS-RW = 23.32%, p < 0.05), and daytime naps (RW = 4.12E-05, RS-RW = 8.81%, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Unhealthy sleep patterns increased the risk of suffering from diagnosed CKD. Short and fragmented sleep showed the most robust association, whereas the association for frequent napping/snoring was attenuated after PSM. These findings highlight the importance of improving sleep quality and addressing sleep-related problems such as snoring may help reduce diagnosed CKD risk and promote overall kidney health.
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BibTeX
@article{wang2026association,
title = {{Association between sleep patterns and diagnosed chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in China}},
author = {Siwen Wang and Yilin Chen and Huan Zhou and Yi Tang and Jiaxing Tan and Wei Qin},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2026.1889875},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1889875/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association between sleep patterns and diagnosed chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in China
AU - Siwen Wang
AU - Yilin Chen
AU - Huan Zhou
AU - Yi Tang
AU - Jiaxing Tan
AU - Wei Qin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2026.1889875
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1889875/full
AB - Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a globally prevalent and progressive health condition, with increasing evidence indicating a significant association between sleep quality and renal health. This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep quality and the development of CKD and to assess how various sleep characteristics influence renal health. Methods: This prospective cohort study included participants aged 30–79 years from 10 districts within the China Kadoorie Biobank. Sleep quality was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire that covered seven parameters, including delayed/disrupted sleep, waking early, sleep medication, daytime sleepiness, naps, snoring, and total sleep duration. Different sleep patterns were identified by k-prototype clustering analysis. Survival analysis and relative weight analysis (RWA) were employed to investigate the associations between sleep disturbances and the incidence of diagnosed CKD. Results: Cluster analysis revealed three distinct sleep patterns. Compared with the Cluster1 (optimal sleep), Cluster 2 (frequent napping/snoring) (HR = 1.103, 95% CI: 1.027–1.185, p = 0.007) and Cluster 3 (short and fragmented sleep) (HR = 1.210, 95% CI: 1.129–1.297, p < 0.001) patterns were associated with a significantly increased risk of diagnosed CKD. However, after propensity score matching (PSM), the association for Cluster 2 was attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas the association for Cluster 3 remained robust. Of the seven sleep parameters, the top three contributors to diagnosed CKD risk were in order of importance as follows: snoring (RW = 2.59E-04, RS-RW = 55.49%, p < 0.05), total sleep duration (RW = 1.09E-04, RS-RW = 23.32%, p < 0.05), and daytime naps (RW = 4.12E-05, RS-RW = 8.81%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Unhealthy sleep patterns increased the risk of suffering from diagnosed CKD. Short and fragmented sleep showed the most robust association, whereas the association for frequent napping/snoring was attenuated after PSM. These findings highlight the importance of improving sleep quality and addressing sleep-related problems such as snoring may help reduce diagnosed CKD risk and promote overall kidney health.
SN - 1664-2295
ER -