Closed-Form of the Local Galactic Potential and Stellar Distribution Function from Gaia DR3
Abstract
The local dark matter density determines the strength of the signal expected in direct-detection experiments, yet published estimates from stellar motions disagree by more than their errors, and the most recent machine-learning analysis of Gaia data finds a local density consistent with zero. According to Jeans' theorem, a distribution function built from integrals of motion satisfies the collisionless Boltzmann equation (CBE) trivially for any choice of potential, so a search that simultaneously fits the distribution function and the potential to the CBE identifies neither. Our pipeline instead estimates the distribution function in isolation, linearizing the equation in terms of accelerations and allowing for direct measurement of the local force field, and then fits closed forms to that field via symbolic regression. Throughout, we find that the usable information lies not in the CBE residual but in the stellar number counts, the observable most distorted by survey selection. Along the vertical profile, our recovered potential agrees with the classical self-gravitating isothermal disc.
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BibTeX
@misc{das2026closedform,
title = {{Closed-Form of the Local Galactic Potential and Stellar Distribution Function from Gaia DR3}},
author = {Indranil Das and Adam Kamoski and Dora Demiri and Brianna Isola and Hanieh Karimi and Dmitrii S. Zagorulia},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.09011},
eprint = {2609.09011},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09011},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Closed-Form of the Local Galactic Potential and Stellar Distribution Function from Gaia DR3
AU - Indranil Das
AU - Adam Kamoski
AU - Dora Demiri
AU - Brianna Isola
AU - Hanieh Karimi
AU - Dmitrii S. Zagorulia
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.09011
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09011
AB - The local dark matter density determines the strength of the signal expected in direct-detection experiments, yet published estimates from stellar motions disagree by more than their errors, and the most recent machine-learning analysis of Gaia data finds a local density consistent with zero. According to Jeans' theorem, a distribution function built from integrals of motion satisfies the collisionless Boltzmann equation (CBE) trivially for any choice of potential, so a search that simultaneously fits the distribution function and the potential to the CBE identifies neither. Our pipeline instead estimates the distribution function in isolation, linearizing the equation in terms of accelerations and allowing for direct measurement of the local force field, and then fits closed forms to that field via symbolic regression. Throughout, we find that the usable information lies not in the CBE residual but in the stellar number counts, the observable most distorted by survey selection. Along the vertical profile, our recovered potential agrees with the classical self-gravitating isothermal disc.
ER -