Pion chemical potentials as seen from transverse momentum distributions
Abstract
We examine the transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged pions emitted in proton-proton, proton-antiproton, and nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam momenta from tens to hundreds of GeV/c. The measured spectra are described within the framework of nonextensive Tsallis statistics, allowing the corresponding chemical potentials to be determined through a quantitative comparison with experimental data. The extracted thermodynamic parameters are subsequently employed to explore the structure of the phase diagram in the chemical potential-temperature (μ-T) plane, with particular emphasis on identifying possible signatures of a phase transition. Within this interpretation, pion production in the midrapidity region is associated with a phase characterized by broken chiral symmetry, whereas increasing rapidity corresponds to an evolution toward a regime in which chiral symmetry is restored.
Related
- Effects of in-medium NN inelastic cross sections and the high-momentum tail of nucleon momentum distributions on pion production in heavy-ion collisions
- Gravitational transverse momentum dependent distributions for the gluons
- Energy-momentum tensor at small x from gravitational transverse-momentum distributions
- Collinear matching for leading power gluon transverse momentum distributions
- Transverse momentum and azimuthal angle distributions of hadrons in DIS at COMPASS
BibTeX
@misc{ortiz2026pion,
title = {{Pion chemical potentials as seen from transverse momentum distributions}},
author = {Valeria Zelina Reyna Ortiz and Maciej Rybczyński and Zbigniew Włodarczyk},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.27919},
eprint = {2610.27919},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27919},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pion chemical potentials as seen from transverse momentum distributions
AU - Valeria Zelina Reyna Ortiz
AU - Maciej Rybczyński
AU - Zbigniew Włodarczyk
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.27919
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27919
AB - We examine the transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged pions emitted in proton-proton, proton-antiproton, and nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam momenta from tens to hundreds of GeV/c. The measured spectra are described within the framework of nonextensive Tsallis statistics, allowing the corresponding chemical potentials to be determined through a quantitative comparison with experimental data. The extracted thermodynamic parameters are subsequently employed to explore the structure of the phase diagram in the chemical potential-temperature (μ-T) plane, with particular emphasis on identifying possible signatures of a phase transition. Within this interpretation, pion production in the midrapidity region is associated with a phase characterized by broken chiral symmetry, whereas increasing rapidity corresponds to an evolution toward a regime in which chiral symmetry is restored.
ER -