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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health

Proteomic analysis of non-segmental vitiligo identifies immune- and keratinocyte-associated protein alterations.

  • Morten Bahrt Haulrig1,2,3
  • Marianne B Løvendorf1,3,4
  • Sonja Kabatnik3,5
  • Bjørn Kromann1,2,3
  • Ann Mari Rosager6,7
  • Michael Bzorek8
  • Lone Skov1,2
  • Beatrice Dyring-Andersen2,3,4,5,9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
  2. 2Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  3. 3Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
  4. 4The Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  5. 5Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  6. 6Department of Pathology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.
  7. 7Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
  8. 8Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark.
  9. 9Department of Dermatology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract

Vitiligo is an immune-mediated disease characterized by depigmentation of the skin. Although transcriptomic studies have advanced the mechanistic understanding of the disease, comprehensive proteomic characterization of vitiligo-affected skin is lacking. This study aimed to investigate proteomic alterations in non-segmental vitiligo. Punch biopsies (2 mm) were collected from lesional (n = 10), perilesional (n = 62), and non-lesional skin (n = 62) from patients with vitiligo and from demographically matched (age, sex, and anatomical site) healthy controls (n = 12). Proteomic profiling was performed using mass spectrometry, and the data were analyzed in pairwise comparisons. The proteomic analyses quantified a total of 4556 proteins, including 40 differentially expressed proteins (false discovery rate <0.05). The comparison between lesional and healthy skin revealed the highest number of differentially expressed proteins, which were predominantly associated with inflammatory and immune-related processes, including TNF-α signaling, complement pathways, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling. The comparison between lesional and non-lesional skin showed differences in protein quantification related to melanocyte differentiation and keratinocyte stress responses. These proteins included protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, which is involved in melanocyte development via Notch-1 signaling, and keratin 6B, which is implicated in keratinocyte migration during wound repair. This study provides insights into vitiligo pathophysiology, identifying proteins that, to our knowledge, have not previously been associated with vitiligo.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{haulrig2026proteomic,
  title = {{Proteomic analysis of non-segmental vitiligo identifies immune- and keratinocyte-associated protein alterations.}},
  author = {Morten Bahrt Haulrig and Marianne B Løvendorf and Sonja Kabatnik and Bjørn Kromann and Ann Mari Rosager and Michael Bzorek and Lone Skov and Beatrice Dyring-Andersen},
  journal = {JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100533},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42926901},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proteomic analysis of non-segmental vitiligo identifies immune- and keratinocyte-associated protein alterations.
AU  - Morten Bahrt Haulrig
AU  - Marianne B Løvendorf
AU  - Sonja Kabatnik
AU  - Bjørn Kromann
AU  - Ann Mari Rosager
AU  - Michael Bzorek
AU  - Lone Skov
AU  - Beatrice Dyring-Andersen
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/09
JO  - JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health
DO  - 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100533
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42926901
AB  - Vitiligo is an immune-mediated disease characterized by depigmentation of the skin. Although transcriptomic studies have advanced the mechanistic understanding of the disease, comprehensive proteomic characterization of vitiligo-affected skin is lacking. This study aimed to investigate proteomic alterations in non-segmental vitiligo. Punch biopsies (2 mm) were collected from lesional (n = 10), perilesional (n = 62), and non-lesional skin (n = 62) from patients with vitiligo and from demographically matched (age, sex, and anatomical site) healthy controls (n = 12). Proteomic profiling was performed using mass spectrometry, and the data were analyzed in pairwise comparisons. The proteomic analyses quantified a total of 4556 proteins, including 40 differentially expressed proteins (false discovery rate <0.05). The comparison between lesional and healthy skin revealed the highest number of differentially expressed proteins, which were predominantly associated with inflammatory and immune-related processes, including TNF-α signaling, complement pathways, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling. The comparison between lesional and non-lesional skin showed differences in protein quantification related to melanocyte differentiation and keratinocyte stress responses. These proteins included protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, which is involved in melanocyte development via Notch-1 signaling, and keratin 6B, which is implicated in keratinocyte migration during wound repair. This study provides insights into vitiligo pathophysiology, identifying proteins that, to our knowledge, have not previously been associated with vitiligo.
SN  - 2667-0267
ER  -