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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Differential resting-state functional connectivity of anterior and posterior cerebellar divisions with canonical networks in PTSD

  • LeeAnne Tunstall1
  • Nick Steele2
  • Ahmed Hussain2
  • Courtney Russell2
  • Jenna Beakas2
  • Ashley A. Huggins3
  • Jennifer S. Stevens4
  • Kerry Ressler5
  • Tanja Jovanovic6
  • Sanne J.H. van Rooij4
  • Negar Fani4
  • Judith K. Daniels7
16 more authors
  • Anika Sierk8
  • Antje Manthey8
  • Henrik Walter8
  • Daniel W. Grupe9
  • Jack B. Nitschke10
  • Richard J. Davidson11
  • Lee A. Baugh12
  • Raluca M. Simons13
  • Jeffrey S. Simons14
  • Vincent A. Magnotta15
  • Kelene A. Fercho16
  • Ye Zhu17
  • Gen Li17
  • Li Wang17
  • Rajendra A. Morey18
  • Delin Sun18
18 affiliations
  1. 1Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Corresponding author at: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
  2. 2Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
  3. 3Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
  4. 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
  5. 5Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  6. 6Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
  7. 7Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; TraumaCentrum Beilen, GGZ Drenthe, the Netherlands
  8. 8University Medical Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany
  9. 9Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
  10. 10Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
  11. 11Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
  12. 12Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA; Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA; Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
  13. 13Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
  14. 14Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
  15. 15Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
  16. 16Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
  17. 17Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  18. 18Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that may develop following exposure to a singular or series of traumatic events producing disruptions in cognitive and affective processes. Although the cerebellum is traditionally linked to voluntary movement coordination and balance, recent work highlights posterior cerebellar regions are involved in affective and cognitive functions. Our goal was to investigate functional connectivity between the cerebellum and canonical cortical resting-state networks in PTSD, with a particular focus on the posterior cerebellum based on previously reported structural changes associated with PTSD on the posterior cerebellum. Methods: A total of 313 participants ( M age = 35, 218 females) were comprised of two groups; 119 PTSD patients and 194 healthy controls from eight study sites within the ENIGMA-PTSD working group. The cerebellum was segmented using ACAPULCO into posterior and anterior divisions. Resting-state fMRI preprocessed with HALFpipe was used to assess the functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior divisions of the cerebellum with major canonical cortical networks. Results: Compared to the non-PTSD control group, the PTSD group had greater connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with somatomotor (t = 4.32, p = 0.040) and default mode (t = 4.41, p = 0.040) networks. Correspondingly, PTSD symptom severity was linked to greater connectivity differentially affecting the posterior relative to the anterior cerebellum with major cortical networks. PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with greater posterior cerebellum connectivity with the default mode (t = 4.32, p fdr =0.020), somatomotor (t = 3.57, p fdr =0.040), limbic (t = 3.74, p fdr =0.036), salience (t = 3.61, p fdr =0.040) and central executive network (t = 3.59, p fdr =0.040). Conclusion: PTSD symptom severity is associated with altered connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with default mode, salience and central executive networks. Cortical connections with the posterior cerebellum, an important socioemotional hub, are involved in PTSD pathology.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{tunstall2026differential,
  title = {{Differential resting-state functional connectivity of anterior and posterior cerebellar divisions with canonical networks in PTSD}},
  author = {LeeAnne Tunstall and Nick Steele and Ahmed Hussain and Courtney Russell and Jenna Beakas and Ashley A. Huggins and Jennifer S. Stevens and Kerry Ressler and Tanja Jovanovic and Sanne J.H. van Rooij and Negar Fani and Judith K. Daniels and Anika Sierk and Antje Manthey and Henrik Walter and Daniel W. Grupe and Jack B. Nitschke and Richard J. Davidson and Lee A. Baugh and Raluca M. Simons and Jeffrey S. Simons and Vincent A. Magnotta and Kelene A. Fercho and Ye Zhu and Gen Li and Li Wang and Rajendra A. Morey and Delin Sun},
  journal = {Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100209},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100209},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Differential resting-state functional connectivity of anterior and posterior cerebellar divisions with canonical networks in PTSD
AU  - LeeAnne Tunstall
AU  - Nick Steele
AU  - Ahmed Hussain
AU  - Courtney Russell
AU  - Jenna Beakas
AU  - Ashley A. Huggins
AU  - Jennifer S. Stevens
AU  - Kerry Ressler
AU  - Tanja Jovanovic
AU  - Sanne J.H. van Rooij
AU  - Negar Fani
AU  - Judith K. Daniels
AU  - Anika Sierk
AU  - Antje Manthey
AU  - Henrik Walter
AU  - Daniel W. Grupe
AU  - Jack B. Nitschke
AU  - Richard J. Davidson
AU  - Lee A. Baugh
AU  - Raluca M. Simons
AU  - Jeffrey S. Simons
AU  - Vincent A. Magnotta
AU  - Kelene A. Fercho
AU  - Ye Zhu
AU  - Gen Li
AU  - Li Wang
AU  - Rajendra A. Morey
AU  - Delin Sun
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
DO  - 10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100209
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100209
AB  - Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that may develop following exposure to a singular or series of traumatic events producing disruptions in cognitive and affective processes. Although the cerebellum is traditionally linked to voluntary movement coordination and balance, recent work highlights posterior cerebellar regions are involved in affective and cognitive functions. Our goal was to investigate functional connectivity between the cerebellum and canonical cortical resting-state networks in PTSD, with a particular focus on the posterior cerebellum based on previously reported structural changes associated with PTSD on the posterior cerebellum. Methods: A total of 313 participants ( M age = 35, 218 females) were comprised of two groups; 119 PTSD patients and 194 healthy controls from eight study sites within the ENIGMA-PTSD working group. The cerebellum was segmented using ACAPULCO into posterior and anterior divisions. Resting-state fMRI preprocessed with HALFpipe was used to assess the functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior divisions of the cerebellum with major canonical cortical networks. Results: Compared to the non-PTSD control group, the PTSD group had greater connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with somatomotor (t = 4.32, p = 0.040) and default mode (t = 4.41, p = 0.040) networks. Correspondingly, PTSD symptom severity was linked to greater connectivity differentially affecting the posterior relative to the anterior cerebellum with major cortical networks. PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with greater posterior cerebellum connectivity with the default mode (t = 4.32, p fdr =0.020), somatomotor (t = 3.57, p fdr =0.040), limbic (t = 3.74, p fdr =0.036), salience (t = 3.61, p fdr =0.040) and central executive network (t = 3.59, p fdr =0.040). Conclusion: PTSD symptom severity is associated with altered connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with default mode, salience and central executive networks. Cortical connections with the posterior cerebellum, an important socioemotional hub, are involved in PTSD pathology.
SN  - 2950-0044
ER  -