Evaluating associations of oxylipin metabolites and fatty acids with incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

@article{downie2026evaluating,
  title = {{Evaluating associations of oxylipin metabolites and fatty acids with incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)}},
  author = {Carolina G Downie and Heather M Highland and Annie Green Howard and Mona Alotaibi and Tali Elfassy and Christina Cordero and Jennifer E Below and Mercedes Carnethon and Susan Cheng and Martha Daviglus and Olga Garcia-Bedoya and Robert Kaplan and Tasneem Khambaty and Yilun Li and Adam G Lilly and Dan-Yu Lin and Tao Long and Frank J Penedo and Lauren E Petty and Bharat Thyagarajan and Hsiao-Chuan Tien and Mohit Jain and Barrett M Welch and Kari E North and Christy L Avery},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0360656},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360656},
  note = {CC BY},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluating associations of oxylipin metabolites and fatty acids with incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
AU  - Carolina G Downie
AU  - Heather M Highland
AU  - Annie Green Howard
AU  - Mona Alotaibi
AU  - Tali Elfassy
AU  - Christina Cordero
AU  - Jennifer E Below
AU  - Mercedes Carnethon
AU  - Susan Cheng
AU  - Martha Daviglus
AU  - Olga Garcia-Bedoya
AU  - Robert Kaplan
AU  - Tasneem Khambaty
AU  - Yilun Li
AU  - Adam G Lilly
AU  - Dan-Yu Lin
AU  - Tao Long
AU  - Frank J Penedo
AU  - Lauren E Petty
AU  - Bharat Thyagarajan
AU  - Hsiao-Chuan Tien
AU  - Mohit Jain
AU  - Barrett M Welch
AU  - Kari E North
AU  - Christy L Avery
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0360656
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360656
AB  - Background: Inflammation is a common pathological feature underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and progression. Determining the roles of fatty acids and bioactive lipid oxylipin inflammatory mediators could inform T2D preventative efforts and therapeutic targets. Methods: Leveraging the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we evaluated cross-sectional and prospective associations of 81 oxylipins and polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids with T2D. We assessed whether fatty acid levels differed at visit 2 by visit 1-prevalent T2D status and prioritized likely causal metabolites using Bayesian model averaging Mendelian randomization (MR-BMA). Results: Fifty-four fatty acids and oxylipins were associated with prevalent T2D at visit 1 (15,138 participants; 2,962 T2D cases), four of which (adrenic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic, tricosanoic, and lignoceric acids) were also associated with incident T2D by visit 2 (8,548 participants; 1,376 T2D events), though effects were attenuated for adrenic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids upon further adjustment for impaired glucose tolerance. Sixteen out of 28 fatty acids were significantly different at visit 2 between those with and without prevalent T2D at visit 1 (9,115 participants; 2,151 T2D cases), holding visit 1-measured fatty acid levels constant. MR-BMA prioritized one diHETrE oxylipin as a likely causal risk factor for T2D. Conclusions: Fatty acids and oxylipins showed complex patterns of association with T2D, including more associations likely reflecting overt disease processes in prevalent T2D, than incident risk-enhancing associations.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -