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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Food Chemistry: X

Facile synthesis of a covalent organic framework for efficient solid-phase extraction and analysis of carbamate pesticide residues in fruits

  1. 1Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
  2. 2Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
  3. 3Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

A triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF-RC) was synthesized via Schiff-base condensation between 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine and applied as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of seven carbamate pesticides from fruits. COF-RC was characterized by PXRD, FTIR, nitrogen sorption, and TGA, confirming a crystalline microporous framework with a BET surface area of 910 m2/g, a pore size of 16.0 Å, and high chemical and thermal stability. Key SPE parameters, including elution conditions, pH, ionic strength, sorbent amount, adsorption and desorption times, and shaking speed, were systematically optimized. The developed SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method achieved recoveries of 92.7–102.9% across dates, tomatoes, grapes, and apples, with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9985–0.9997), LODs of 0.010–0.051 ng/g, and LOQs of 0.031–0.155 ng/g. These results demonstrate the suitability of COF-RC as an efficient sorbent for trace-level carbamate determination in food and highlight its potential for food safety monitoring.

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BibTeX
@article{morsi2026facile,
  title = {{Facile synthesis of a covalent organic framework for efficient solid-phase extraction and analysis of carbamate pesticide residues in fruits}},
  author = {Rana Morsi and Shaikha S. AlNeyadi and Bayan Al-Meetani and Osama Shekhah and Mohammed A. Meetani},
  journal = {Food Chemistry: X},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104666},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104666},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Facile synthesis of a covalent organic framework for efficient solid-phase extraction and analysis of carbamate pesticide residues in fruits
AU  - Rana Morsi
AU  - Shaikha S. AlNeyadi
AU  - Bayan Al-Meetani
AU  - Osama Shekhah
AU  - Mohammed A. Meetani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
JO  - Food Chemistry: X
DO  - 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104666
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104666
AB  - A triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF-RC) was synthesized via Schiff-base condensation between 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine and applied as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of seven carbamate pesticides from fruits. COF-RC was characterized by PXRD, FTIR, nitrogen sorption, and TGA, confirming a crystalline microporous framework with a BET surface area of 910 m2/g, a pore size of 16.0 Å, and high chemical and thermal stability. Key SPE parameters, including elution conditions, pH, ionic strength, sorbent amount, adsorption and desorption times, and shaking speed, were systematically optimized. The developed SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method achieved recoveries of 92.7–102.9% across dates, tomatoes, grapes, and apples, with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9985–0.9997), LODs of 0.010–0.051 ng/g, and LOQs of 0.031–0.155 ng/g. These results demonstrate the suitability of COF-RC as an efficient sorbent for trace-level carbamate determination in food and highlight its potential for food safety monitoring.
SN  - 2590-1575
ER  -