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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDZhongguo dizhi zaihai yu fangzhi xuebao

Critical fracture behavior and instability precursors of limestone under three-point bending

  • Bo LYU1
  • Guixian JIA2
  • Mingxi CHEN2
  • Jincun ZHANG3
  • Qiwen LIN4
4 affiliations
  1. 1China Railway Engineering Design and Consulting Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100055, China
  2. 2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
  3. 3China Railway Academy Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610036, China
  4. 4Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
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Abstract

Rock bending fractures are common in engineering activities in karst areas and can affect rock-mass integrity and engineering safety. To investigate the critical fracture behavior of rock masses and identify instability precursors, three-point bending tests were conducted on limestone specimens. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and digital image correlation (DIC) were used to develop a multi-parameter method for identifying precursors of critical failure in limestone under three-point bending. The results show that: (1) limestone bending failure exhibits clear brittle-fracture characteristics. Peak load and fracture energy first increase and then decrease with loading rate, and they vary rapidly within the range of 0.05-0.1 mm/min. (2) AE signals are most active during unstable crack propagation, when cumulative hits increase by more than 38% and reach a peak. After this peak, a main crack parallel to the loading direction forms. Cracks propagate mainly as tensile cracks during loading, accompanied by some shear cracks. (3) The shear-crack proportion, AE b-value, and critical-slowing-down index can be used as indicators for identifying precursors of critical bending failure in limestone. Among them, the shear-crack proportion shows a larger precursor response coefficient, an earlier response time, and higher reliability. This study provides an important reference for understanding the bending deformation and failure characteristics of limestone and for identifying disaster precursors in engineering rock masses.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{bo2026critical,
  title = {{Critical fracture behavior and instability precursors of limestone under three-point bending}},
  author = {Bo LYU and Guixian JIA and Mingxi CHEN and Jincun ZHANG and Qiwen LIN},
  journal = {Zhongguo dizhi zaihai yu fangzhi xuebao},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.16031/j.cghc.202601052},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.16031/j.cghc.202601052},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Critical fracture behavior and instability precursors of limestone under three-point bending
AU  - Bo LYU
AU  - Guixian JIA
AU  - Mingxi CHEN
AU  - Jincun ZHANG
AU  - Qiwen LIN
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Zhongguo dizhi zaihai yu fangzhi xuebao
DO  - 10.16031/j.cghc.202601052
UR  - https://doi.org/10.16031/j.cghc.202601052
AB  - Rock bending fractures are common in engineering activities in karst areas and can affect rock-mass integrity and engineering safety. To investigate the critical fracture behavior of rock masses and identify instability precursors, three-point bending tests were conducted on limestone specimens. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and digital image correlation (DIC) were used to develop a multi-parameter method for identifying precursors of critical failure in limestone under three-point bending. The results show that: (1) limestone bending failure exhibits clear brittle-fracture characteristics. Peak load and fracture energy first increase and then decrease with loading rate, and they vary rapidly within the range of 0.05-0.1 mm/min. (2) AE signals are most active during unstable crack propagation, when cumulative hits increase by more than 38% and reach a peak. After this peak, a main crack parallel to the loading direction forms. Cracks propagate mainly as tensile cracks during loading, accompanied by some shear cracks. (3) The shear-crack proportion, AE b-value, and critical-slowing-down index can be used as indicators for identifying precursors of critical bending failure in limestone. Among them, the shear-crack proportion shows a larger precursor response coefficient, an earlier response time, and higher reliability. This study provides an important reference for understanding the bending deformation and failure characteristics of limestone and for identifying disaster precursors in engineering rock masses.
SN  - 1003-8035
ER  -