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On the Julia sets of the non-autonomous iteration of exponential maps

Abstract

This paper studies non-autonomous iterations of λez, where at each step the parameter λ is chosen from a bounded interval. Urbański and Zdunik introduced and developed a thermodynamic formalism for random dynamics of exponential maps, extending the autonomous result established independently by Rees and Lyubich to typical parameter sequences in [A, B]ℕ with 1/e<A<B<∞. In this paper, we show that the same conclusion indeed holds for all parameters in [A, B]ℕ, Our proof is based on carefully crafted uniform versions of pullback arguments, inspired by the original methods of Rees and Lyubich. In a related direction, Urbański and Zdunik established a non-autonomous analogue of Misiurewicz's theorem for the exponential map, later refined by Lech. We further extend their work by providing a refined condition for the Julia set to be the entire complex plane.

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BibTeX
@misc{huang2026julia,
  title = {{On the Julia sets of the non-autonomous iteration of exponential maps}},
  author = {Jiaxing Huang and Xiao Yao},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.14794},
  eprint = {2610.14794},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14794},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - On the Julia sets of the non-autonomous iteration of exponential maps
AU  - Jiaxing Huang
AU  - Xiao Yao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/10
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.14794
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14794
AB  - This paper studies non-autonomous iterations of λe^z, where at each step the parameter λ is chosen from a bounded interval. Urbański and Zdunik introduced and developed a thermodynamic formalism for random dynamics of exponential maps, extending the autonomous result established independently by Rees and Lyubich to typical parameter sequences in [A, B]^ℕ with 1/e<A<B<∞. In this paper, we show that the same conclusion indeed holds for all parameters in [A, B]^ℕ, Our proof is based on carefully crafted uniform versions of pullback arguments, inspired by the original methods of Rees and Lyubich. In a related direction, Urbański and Zdunik established a non-autonomous analogue of Misiurewicz's theorem for the exponential map, later refined by Lech. We further extend their work by providing a refined condition for the Julia set to be the entire complex plane.
ER  -